From f8f668f6491c74d4a6c5ea3831723c7e7db3d511 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "copilot-swe-agent[bot]" <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 6 Apr 2026 15:31:52 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 01/10] Add array environment parsing

Agent-Logs-Url: https://github.com/wesleyel/swiftui-math/sessions/56436444-e15b-4dd0-8a70-c87df1e3dc4e

Co-authored-by: wesleyel <48174882+wesleyel@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .../Internal/Syntax/AtomFactory.swift         |  36 +++++-
 .../Internal/Syntax/Atoms/Table.swift         |   4 +
 .../SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Parser.swift  | 117 +++++++++++++++++-
 .../Internal/Syntax/ParserTests.swift         |  37 ++++++
 4 files changed, 188 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/AtomFactory.swift b/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/AtomFactory.swift
index 4561ffc..4c71b22 100644
--- a/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/AtomFactory.swift
+++ b/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/AtomFactory.swift
@@ -658,10 +658,12 @@ extension Math {
     static func table(
       withEnvironment env: String?,
       alignment: Table.ColumnAlignment? = nil,
+      columnAlignments: [Table.ColumnAlignment]? = nil,
+      columnFormat: String? = nil,
       rows: [[AtomList]],
       error: inout ParserError?
     ) -> Atom? {
-      let table = Table(environment: env ?? "")
+      let table = Table(environment: env ?? "", columnFormat: columnFormat)
 
       for i in 0..<rows.count {
         let row = rows[i]
@@ -709,6 +711,38 @@ extension Math {
           } else {
             return table
           }
+        } else if env == "array" {
+          guard let columnAlignments, !columnAlignments.isEmpty else {
+            let message = "array environment requires at least 1 column alignment"
+            if error == nil {
+              error = ParserError(code: .invalidEnvironment, message: message)
+            }
+            return nil
+          }
+
+          if table.numberOfColumns > columnAlignments.count {
+            let message = "array environment has more columns than alignment specifiers"
+            if error == nil {
+              error = ParserError(code: .invalidNumberOfColumns, message: message)
+            }
+            return nil
+          }
+
+          table.interRowAdditionalSpacing = 0
+          table.interColumnSpacing = 18
+
+          let style = Style(level: .text)
+          for i in 0..<table.cells.count {
+            for j in 0..<table.cells[i].count {
+              table.cells[i][j].insert(style, at: 0)
+            }
+          }
+
+          for (column, alignment) in columnAlignments.enumerated() {
+            table.setAlignment(alignment, forColumn: column)
+          }
+
+          return table
         } else if env == "eqalign" || env == "split" || env == "aligned" {
           if table.numberOfColumns != 2 {
             let message = "\(env) environment can only have 2 columns"
diff --git a/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Atoms/Table.swift b/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Atoms/Table.swift
index 5740087..a4ef9ad 100644
--- a/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Atoms/Table.swift
+++ b/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Atoms/Table.swift
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ extension Math {
     var alignments: [ColumnAlignment]
     var cells: [[AtomList]]
     var environment: String
+    var columnFormat: String?
     var interColumnSpacing: CGFloat
     var interRowAdditionalSpacing: CGFloat
 
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ extension Math {
         row.map { AtomList($0) }
       }
       self.environment = table.environment
+      self.columnFormat = table.columnFormat
       self.interColumnSpacing = table.interColumnSpacing
       self.interRowAdditionalSpacing = table.interRowAdditionalSpacing
 
@@ -42,12 +44,14 @@ extension Math {
       alignments: [ColumnAlignment] = [],
       cells: [[AtomList]] = [],
       environment: String = "",
+      columnFormat: String? = nil,
       interColumnSpacing: CGFloat = 0,
       interRowAdditionalSpacing: CGFloat = 0
     ) {
       self.alignments = alignments
       self.cells = cells
       self.environment = environment
+      self.columnFormat = columnFormat
       self.interColumnSpacing = interColumnSpacing
       self.interRowAdditionalSpacing = interRowAdditionalSpacing
       super.init(type: .table)
diff --git a/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Parser.swift b/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Parser.swift
index a442db7..821c3cd 100644
--- a/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Parser.swift
+++ b/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Parser.swift
@@ -31,12 +31,21 @@ extension Math {
       var ended: Bool
       var numberOfRows: Int
       var alignment: Table.ColumnAlignment?  // Optional alignment for starred matrix environments
+      var columnAlignments: [Table.ColumnAlignment]?
+      var columnFormat: String?
 
-      init(name: String?, alignment: Table.ColumnAlignment? = nil) {
+      init(
+        name: String?,
+        alignment: Table.ColumnAlignment? = nil,
+        columnAlignments: [Table.ColumnAlignment]? = nil,
+        columnFormat: String? = nil
+      ) {
         self.name = name
         self.numberOfRows = 0
         self.ended = false
         self.alignment = alignment
+        self.columnAlignments = columnAlignments
+        self.columnFormat = columnFormat
       }
     }
 
@@ -519,13 +528,16 @@ extension Math {
             if let table = atom as? Table {
               if !table.environment.isEmpty {
                 str += "\\begin{\(table.environment)}"
+                if table.environment == "array" {
+                  str += "{\(table.columnFormat ?? "")}"
+                }
               }
 
               for i in 0..<table.numberOfRows {
                 let row = table.cells[i]
                 for j in 0..<row.count {
                   let cell = row[j]
-                  if table.environment == "matrix" {
+                  if table.environment == "matrix" || table.environment == "array" {
                     if cell.atoms.count >= 1 && cell.atoms[0].type == Math.AtomType.style {
                       // remove first atom
                       cell.atoms.removeFirst()
@@ -797,7 +809,30 @@ extension Math {
         if env == nil {
           return nil
         }
-        let table = self.buildTable(environment: env, firstList: nil, isRow: false)
+        var alignment: Table.ColumnAlignment? = nil
+        var columnAlignments: [Table.ColumnAlignment]? = nil
+        var columnFormat: String? = nil
+        if let env {
+          if env.hasSuffix("*") {
+            alignment = self.readOptionalAlignment()
+            if self.error != nil {
+              return nil
+            }
+          } else if env == "array" {
+            (columnAlignments, columnFormat) = self.readArrayColumnFormat()
+            if self.error != nil {
+              return nil
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        let table = self.buildTable(
+          environment: env,
+          alignment: alignment,
+          columnAlignments: columnAlignments,
+          columnFormat: columnFormat,
+          firstList: nil,
+          isRow: false
+        )
         return table
       } else if command == "color" {
         // A color command has 2 arguments
@@ -1156,16 +1191,25 @@ extension Math {
         if let env = self.readEnvironment() {
           // Check if this is a starred matrix environment and read optional alignment
           var alignment: Table.ColumnAlignment? = nil
+          var columnAlignments: [Table.ColumnAlignment]? = nil
+          var columnFormat: String? = nil
           if env.hasSuffix("*") {
             alignment = self.readOptionalAlignment()
             if self.error != nil {
               return nil
             }
+          } else if env == "array" {
+            (columnAlignments, columnFormat) = self.readArrayColumnFormat()
+            if self.error != nil {
+              return nil
+            }
           }
 
           let table = self.buildTable(
             environment: env,
             alignment: alignment,
+            columnAlignments: columnAlignments,
+            columnFormat: columnFormat,
             firstList: nil,
             isRow: false
           )
@@ -1254,6 +1298,59 @@ extension Math {
       return alignment
     }
 
+    mutating func readArrayColumnFormat() -> ([Table.ColumnAlignment]?, String?) {
+      guard self.expectCharacter("{") else {
+        self.setError(.characterNotFound, message: "Missing { after \\begin{array}")
+        return (nil, nil)
+      }
+
+      self.skipSpaces()
+
+      var columnAlignments = [Table.ColumnAlignment]()
+      var format = ""
+      var foundClosingBrace = false
+
+      while self.hasCharacters {
+        let char = self.nextCharacter()
+        if char == "}" {
+          foundClosingBrace = true
+          break
+        }
+
+        switch char {
+        case "l":
+          columnAlignments.append(.left)
+          format.append(char)
+        case "c":
+          columnAlignments.append(.center)
+          format.append(char)
+        case "r":
+          columnAlignments.append(.right)
+          format.append(char)
+        case "|":
+          format.append(char)
+        case " ":
+          continue
+        default:
+          self.setError(
+            .invalidEnvironment,
+            message: "Unsupported array column format specifier: \(char)"
+          )
+          return (nil, nil)
+        }
+      }
+
+      if self.error == nil && !foundClosingBrace {
+        self.setError(.characterNotFound, message: "Missing } after array column format")
+      }
+
+      if self.error == nil && columnAlignments.isEmpty {
+        self.setError(.invalidEnvironment, message: "array environment requires column alignment specifiers")
+      }
+
+      return self.error == nil ? (columnAlignments, format) : (nil, nil)
+    }
+
     func assertNotSpace(_ ch: Character) {
       assert(ch >= "\u{21}" && ch <= "\u{7E}", "Expected non-space character \(ch)")
     }
@@ -1261,13 +1358,20 @@ extension Math {
     mutating func buildTable(
       environment: String?,
       alignment: Table.ColumnAlignment? = nil,
+      columnAlignments: [Table.ColumnAlignment]? = nil,
+      columnFormat: String? = nil,
       firstList: AtomList?,
       isRow: Bool
     ) -> Atom? {
       // Save the current env till an new one gets built.
       let oldEnv = self.currentEnvironment
 
-      currentEnvironment = Environment(name: environment, alignment: alignment)
+      currentEnvironment = Environment(
+        name: environment,
+        alignment: alignment,
+        columnAlignments: columnAlignments,
+        columnFormat: columnFormat
+      )
 
       var currentRow = 0
       var currentCol = 0
@@ -1306,7 +1410,10 @@ extension Math {
 
       var error: ParserError? = self.error
       let table = AtomFactory.table(
-        withEnvironment: currentEnvironment?.name, alignment: currentEnvironment?.alignment,
+        withEnvironment: currentEnvironment?.name,
+        alignment: currentEnvironment?.alignment,
+        columnAlignments: currentEnvironment?.columnAlignments,
+        columnFormat: currentEnvironment?.columnFormat,
         rows: rows, error: &error)
       if table == nil && self.error == nil {
         self.error = error
diff --git a/Tests/SwiftUIMathTests/Internal/Syntax/ParserTests.swift b/Tests/SwiftUIMathTests/Internal/Syntax/ParserTests.swift
index c9dfb58..7f96821 100644
--- a/Tests/SwiftUIMathTests/Internal/Syntax/ParserTests.swift
+++ b/Tests/SwiftUIMathTests/Internal/Syntax/ParserTests.swift
@@ -1052,6 +1052,43 @@ struct ParserTests {
     #expect(latex == "\\left( \\begin{matrix}x&y\\\\ z&w\\end{matrix}\\right) ")
   }
 
+  @Test
+  func array() throws {
+    let str = "\\left\\{\\begin{array}{ll}1,&|x|\\leq1,\\\\0,&|x|>1,\\end{array}\\right."
+    let list = try #require(Math.Parser.build(fromString: str))
+    #expect(list.atoms.count == 1)
+
+    let inner = try #require(list.atoms[0] as? Math.Inner)
+    let leftBoundary = try #require(inner.leftBoundary)
+    #expect(leftBoundary.type == .boundary)
+    #expect(leftBoundary.nucleus == "{")
+    #expect(inner.rightBoundary == nil)
+
+    let innerList = try #require(inner.innerList)
+    #expect(innerList.atoms.count == 1)
+
+    let table = try #require(innerList.atoms[0] as? Math.Table)
+    #expect(table.environment == "array")
+    #expect(table.columnFormat == "ll")
+    #expect(table.interRowAdditionalSpacing == 0)
+    #expect(table.interColumnSpacing == 18)
+    #expect(table.numberOfRows == 2)
+    #expect(table.numberOfColumns == 2)
+    #expect(table.alignment(forColumn: 0) == .left)
+    #expect(table.alignment(forColumn: 1) == .left)
+
+    for row in 0..<table.numberOfRows {
+      for column in 0..<table.numberOfColumns {
+        let style = try #require(table.cells[row][column].atoms.first as? Math.Style)
+        #expect(style.level == .text)
+      }
+    }
+
+    let latex = Math.Parser.atomListToString(list)
+    #expect(latex.contains("\\begin{array}{ll}"))
+    #expect(latex.contains("\\right."))
+  }
+
   @Test
   func defaultTable() throws {
     let str = "x \\\\ y"

From d5cee555e4900d15d86a4723b6e2d696a2c3bbf3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "copilot-swe-agent[bot]" <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 6 Apr 2026 15:32:54 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 02/10] Format array parser changes

Agent-Logs-Url: https://github.com/wesleyel/swiftui-math/sessions/56436444-e15b-4dd0-8a70-c87df1e3dc4e

Co-authored-by: wesleyel <48174882+wesleyel@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Parser.swift | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Parser.swift b/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Parser.swift
index 821c3cd..2c2c86e 100644
--- a/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Parser.swift
+++ b/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Parser.swift
@@ -1345,7 +1345,8 @@ extension Math {
       }
 
       if self.error == nil && columnAlignments.isEmpty {
-        self.setError(.invalidEnvironment, message: "array environment requires column alignment specifiers")
+        self.setError(
+          .invalidEnvironment, message: "array environment requires column alignment specifiers")
       }
 
       return self.error == nil ? (columnAlignments, format) : (nil, nil)

From e86cf33070c3e696a33ad51482cf9ef3b8c015f9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "copilot-swe-agent[bot]" <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 6 Apr 2026 15:33:37 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 03/10] Refine array format validation

Agent-Logs-Url: https://github.com/wesleyel/swiftui-math/sessions/56436444-e15b-4dd0-8a70-c87df1e3dc4e

Co-authored-by: wesleyel <48174882+wesleyel@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Parser.swift | 6 ++++--
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Parser.swift b/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Parser.swift
index 2c2c86e..0ee2f4e 100644
--- a/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Parser.swift
+++ b/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Parser.swift
@@ -1329,7 +1329,7 @@ extension Math {
           format.append(char)
         case "|":
           format.append(char)
-        case " ":
+        case _ where char.isWhitespace:
           continue
         default:
           self.setError(
@@ -1346,7 +1346,9 @@ extension Math {
 
       if self.error == nil && columnAlignments.isEmpty {
         self.setError(
-          .invalidEnvironment, message: "array environment requires column alignment specifiers")
+          .invalidEnvironment,
+          message: "array environment requires at least one column alignment specifier (l, c, or r)"
+        )
       }
 
       return self.error == nil ? (columnAlignments, format) : (nil, nil)

From 82be1cd96104ef1c89f0e0c54f3e1575f538d568 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "copilot-swe-agent[bot]" <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 6 Apr 2026 15:34:19 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 04/10] Refactor environment option parsing

Agent-Logs-Url: https://github.com/wesleyel/swiftui-math/sessions/56436444-e15b-4dd0-8a70-c87df1e3dc4e

Co-authored-by: wesleyel <48174882+wesleyel@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .../SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Parser.swift  | 66 +++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 31 insertions(+), 35 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Parser.swift b/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Parser.swift
index 0ee2f4e..4babbcd 100644
--- a/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Parser.swift
+++ b/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Parser.swift
@@ -809,27 +809,17 @@ extension Math {
         if env == nil {
           return nil
         }
-        var alignment: Table.ColumnAlignment? = nil
-        var columnAlignments: [Table.ColumnAlignment]? = nil
-        var columnFormat: String? = nil
-        if let env {
-          if env.hasSuffix("*") {
-            alignment = self.readOptionalAlignment()
-            if self.error != nil {
-              return nil
-            }
-          } else if env == "array" {
-            (columnAlignments, columnFormat) = self.readArrayColumnFormat()
-            if self.error != nil {
-              return nil
-            }
-          }
+        guard let env else {
+          return nil
+        }
+        guard let environmentOptions = self.readEnvironmentOptions(for: env) else {
+          return nil
         }
         let table = self.buildTable(
           environment: env,
-          alignment: alignment,
-          columnAlignments: columnAlignments,
-          columnFormat: columnFormat,
+          alignment: environmentOptions.alignment,
+          columnAlignments: environmentOptions.columnAlignments,
+          columnFormat: environmentOptions.columnFormat,
           firstList: nil,
           isRow: false
         )
@@ -1189,27 +1179,15 @@ extension Math {
         return under
       } else if command == "begin" {
         if let env = self.readEnvironment() {
-          // Check if this is a starred matrix environment and read optional alignment
-          var alignment: Table.ColumnAlignment? = nil
-          var columnAlignments: [Table.ColumnAlignment]? = nil
-          var columnFormat: String? = nil
-          if env.hasSuffix("*") {
-            alignment = self.readOptionalAlignment()
-            if self.error != nil {
-              return nil
-            }
-          } else if env == "array" {
-            (columnAlignments, columnFormat) = self.readArrayColumnFormat()
-            if self.error != nil {
-              return nil
-            }
+          guard let environmentOptions = self.readEnvironmentOptions(for: env) else {
+            return nil
           }
 
           let table = self.buildTable(
             environment: env,
-            alignment: alignment,
-            columnAlignments: columnAlignments,
-            columnFormat: columnFormat,
+            alignment: environmentOptions.alignment,
+            columnAlignments: environmentOptions.columnAlignments,
+            columnFormat: environmentOptions.columnFormat,
             firstList: nil,
             isRow: false
           )
@@ -1298,6 +1276,24 @@ extension Math {
       return alignment
     }
 
+    mutating func readEnvironmentOptions(for env: String) -> (
+      alignment: Table.ColumnAlignment?,
+      columnAlignments: [Table.ColumnAlignment]?,
+      columnFormat: String?
+    )? {
+      if env.hasSuffix("*") {
+        let alignment = self.readOptionalAlignment()
+        return self.error == nil ? (alignment, nil, nil) : nil
+      }
+
+      if env == "array" {
+        let (columnAlignments, columnFormat) = self.readArrayColumnFormat()
+        return self.error == nil ? (nil, columnAlignments, columnFormat) : nil
+      }
+
+      return (nil, nil, nil)
+    }
+
     mutating func readArrayColumnFormat() -> ([Table.ColumnAlignment]?, String?) {
       guard self.expectCharacter("{") else {
         self.setError(.characterNotFound, message: "Missing { after \\begin{array}")

From f82f9e9cea89eaf4a42e7cbde49c9ffb2579283c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "copilot-swe-agent[bot]" <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 6 Apr 2026 15:34:55 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 05/10] Simplify begin environment parsing

Agent-Logs-Url: https://github.com/wesleyel/swiftui-math/sessions/56436444-e15b-4dd0-8a70-c87df1e3dc4e

Co-authored-by: wesleyel <48174882+wesleyel@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Parser.swift | 6 +-----
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Parser.swift b/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Parser.swift
index 4babbcd..12596a8 100644
--- a/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Parser.swift
+++ b/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Parser.swift
@@ -805,11 +805,7 @@ extension Math {
 
         return table
       } else if command == "begin" {
-        let env = self.readEnvironment()
-        if env == nil {
-          return nil
-        }
-        guard let env else {
+        guard let env = self.readEnvironment() else {
           return nil
         }
         guard let environmentOptions = self.readEnvironmentOptions(for: env) else {

From 1091e9c83d65ab4a549aa31ac169016adcce08ed Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "copilot-swe-agent[bot]" <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 6 Apr 2026 15:35:49 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 06/10] Add array parser error tests

Agent-Logs-Url: https://github.com/wesleyel/swiftui-math/sessions/56436444-e15b-4dd0-8a70-c87df1e3dc4e

Co-authored-by: wesleyel <48174882+wesleyel@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .../Internal/Syntax/ParserTests.swift         | 22 +++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 22 insertions(+)

diff --git a/Tests/SwiftUIMathTests/Internal/Syntax/ParserTests.swift b/Tests/SwiftUIMathTests/Internal/Syntax/ParserTests.swift
index 7f96821..cb37f17 100644
--- a/Tests/SwiftUIMathTests/Internal/Syntax/ParserTests.swift
+++ b/Tests/SwiftUIMathTests/Internal/Syntax/ParserTests.swift
@@ -1089,6 +1089,28 @@ struct ParserTests {
     #expect(latex.contains("\\right."))
   }
 
+  @Test
+  func arrayRejectsInvalidColumnFormat() throws {
+    let str = "\\begin{array}{xyz}a\\end{array}"
+    var error: Math.ParserError? = nil
+
+    let list = Math.Parser.build(fromString: str, error: &error)
+
+    #expect(list == nil)
+    #expect(error?.code == .invalidEnvironment)
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  func arrayRejectsTooFewColumnSpecifiers() throws {
+    let str = "\\begin{array}{l}a&b\\end{array}"
+    var error: Math.ParserError? = nil
+
+    let list = Math.Parser.build(fromString: str, error: &error)
+
+    #expect(list == nil)
+    #expect(error?.code == .invalidNumberOfColumns)
+  }
+
   @Test
   func defaultTable() throws {
     let str = "x \\\\ y"

From 77d6794b26184feb9ea7a757cf0fb557badc0542 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "copilot-swe-agent[bot]" <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 6 Apr 2026 15:36:51 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 07/10] Tidy array validation flow

Agent-Logs-Url: https://github.com/wesleyel/swiftui-math/sessions/56436444-e15b-4dd0-8a70-c87df1e3dc4e

Co-authored-by: wesleyel <48174882+wesleyel@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/AtomFactory.swift |  2 +-
 Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Parser.swift      | 10 +++++++---
 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/AtomFactory.swift b/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/AtomFactory.swift
index 4c71b22..8314929 100644
--- a/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/AtomFactory.swift
+++ b/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/AtomFactory.swift
@@ -712,7 +712,7 @@ extension Math {
             return table
           }
         } else if env == "array" {
-          guard let columnAlignments, !columnAlignments.isEmpty else {
+          guard let columnAlignments else {
             let message = "array environment requires at least 1 column alignment"
             if error == nil {
               error = ParserError(code: .invalidEnvironment, message: message)
diff --git a/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Parser.swift b/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Parser.swift
index 12596a8..aa9cb1b 100644
--- a/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Parser.swift
+++ b/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Parser.swift
@@ -1332,18 +1332,22 @@ extension Math {
         }
       }
 
-      if self.error == nil && !foundClosingBrace {
+      if !foundClosingBrace {
         self.setError(.characterNotFound, message: "Missing } after array column format")
       }
 
-      if self.error == nil && columnAlignments.isEmpty {
+      if columnAlignments.isEmpty {
         self.setError(
           .invalidEnvironment,
           message: "array environment requires at least one column alignment specifier (l, c, or r)"
         )
       }
 
-      return self.error == nil ? (columnAlignments, format) : (nil, nil)
+      if self.error != nil {
+        return (nil, nil)
+      }
+
+      return (columnAlignments, format)
     }
 
     func assertNotSpace(_ ch: Character) {

From 3d7db623dce3e2effe81a0ceda1d53cb90e962ee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "copilot-swe-agent[bot]" <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 6 Apr 2026 15:37:36 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 08/10] Remove duplicate array validation

Agent-Logs-Url: https://github.com/wesleyel/swiftui-math/sessions/56436444-e15b-4dd0-8a70-c87df1e3dc4e

Co-authored-by: wesleyel <48174882+wesleyel@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/AtomFactory.swift | 8 +-------
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/AtomFactory.swift b/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/AtomFactory.swift
index 8314929..9b21291 100644
--- a/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/AtomFactory.swift
+++ b/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/AtomFactory.swift
@@ -712,13 +712,7 @@ extension Math {
             return table
           }
         } else if env == "array" {
-          guard let columnAlignments else {
-            let message = "array environment requires at least 1 column alignment"
-            if error == nil {
-              error = ParserError(code: .invalidEnvironment, message: message)
-            }
-            return nil
-          }
+          let columnAlignments = columnAlignments ?? []
 
           if table.numberOfColumns > columnAlignments.count {
             let message = "array environment has more columns than alignment specifiers"

From 2a6cb0cb4c7c212151addc677e3707655f40222b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: wesleyel <48174882+wesleyel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 7 Apr 2026 10:04:11 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 09/10] Fix boundary handling in Parser and update tests for
 empty cases

---
 .../SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Parser.swift  | 12 +++++++++++
 .../Internal/Syntax/ParserTests.swift         | 20 +++++++++++++------
 2 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Parser.swift b/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Parser.swift
index aa9cb1b..af01f93 100644
--- a/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Parser.swift
+++ b/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Syntax/Parser.swift
@@ -764,6 +764,12 @@ extension Math {
         // reinstate the old inner atom.
         let newInner = currentInnerAtom
         currentInnerAtom = oldInner
+        if newInner?.leftBoundary?.nucleus.isEmpty == true {
+          newInner?.leftBoundary = nil
+        }
+        if newInner?.rightBoundary?.nucleus.isEmpty == true {
+          newInner?.rightBoundary = nil
+        }
         return newInner
       } else if command == "overline" {
         // The overline command has 1 arguments
@@ -1162,6 +1168,12 @@ extension Math {
         }
         let newInner = self.currentInnerAtom
         currentInnerAtom = oldInner
+        if newInner?.leftBoundary?.nucleus.isEmpty == true {
+          newInner?.leftBoundary = nil
+        }
+        if newInner?.rightBoundary?.nucleus.isEmpty == true {
+          newInner?.rightBoundary = nil
+        }
         return newInner
       } else if command == "overline" {
         let over = Overline()
diff --git a/Tests/SwiftUIMathTests/Internal/Syntax/ParserTests.swift b/Tests/SwiftUIMathTests/Internal/Syntax/ParserTests.swift
index cb37f17..2aa782a 100644
--- a/Tests/SwiftUIMathTests/Internal/Syntax/ParserTests.swift
+++ b/Tests/SwiftUIMathTests/Internal/Syntax/ParserTests.swift
@@ -594,13 +594,21 @@ struct ParserTests {
       let innerList = try #require(inner.innerList)
       checkAtomTypes(innerList, types: testCase.type2)
 
-      let leftBoundary = try #require(inner.leftBoundary)
-      #expect(leftBoundary.type == .boundary)
-      #expect(leftBoundary.nucleus == testCase.left)
+      if testCase.left.isEmpty {
+        #expect(inner.leftBoundary == nil)
+      } else {
+        let leftBoundary = try #require(inner.leftBoundary)
+        #expect(leftBoundary.type == .boundary)
+        #expect(leftBoundary.nucleus == testCase.left)
+      }
 
-      let rightBoundary = try #require(inner.rightBoundary)
-      #expect(rightBoundary.type == .boundary)
-      #expect(rightBoundary.nucleus == testCase.right)
+      if testCase.right.isEmpty {
+        #expect(inner.rightBoundary == nil)
+      } else {
+        let rightBoundary = try #require(inner.rightBoundary)
+        #expect(rightBoundary.type == .boundary)
+        #expect(rightBoundary.nucleus == testCase.right)
+      }
 
       // convert it back to latex
       let latex = Math.Parser.atomListToString(list)

From 70066e80433cf79169d4fff9278e8d4cd0b350e8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: wesleyel <48174882+wesleyel@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 7 Apr 2026 20:35:20 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 10/10] Handle invalid inter-element spaces to prevent crashes
 in debug builds

---
 Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Display/Typesetter.swift | 6 +++++-
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Display/Typesetter.swift b/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Display/Typesetter.swift
index d87eec6..b13f502 100644
--- a/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Display/Typesetter.swift
+++ b/Sources/SwiftUIMath/Internal/Display/Typesetter.swift
@@ -1846,7 +1846,11 @@ extension Math {
       let spaceArray = getInterElementSpaces()[Int(leftIndex)]
       let spaceTypeObj = spaceArray[Int(rightIndex)]
       let spaceType = spaceTypeObj
-      assert(spaceType != .invalid, "Invalid space between \(left) and \(right)")
+      // Keep malformed LaTeX from crashing debug builds. Propagating NaN lets callers
+      // detect the failed layout and surface it as a validation issue instead.
+      if spaceType == .invalid {
+        return .nan
+      }
 
       let spaceMultipler = self.getSpacingInMu(spaceType)
       if spaceMultipler > 0 {