Merge branch 'jill/validate-secret-reference' into jill/migrate-to-connect-sdk

.github/workflows/e2e-tests.yml

@@ -21,7 +21,10 @@ on:
       OP_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_TOKEN:
         required: true
       VAULT:
-        description: "1Password vault name or UUID"
+        description: "1Password vault name"
+        required: true
+      VAULT_ID:
+        description: "1Password vault UUID"
         required: true
 
 jobs:
@@ -30,22 +33,21 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       fail-fast: true
-      max-parallel: 4
       matrix:
         os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest, windows-latest]
         version: [latest, 2.30.0]
         export-env: [true, false]
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
           ref: ${{ inputs.ref }}
 
       - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
         with:
-          node-version: 24
+          node-version: 20
           cache: npm
 
       - name: Install dependencies
@@ -57,12 +59,23 @@ jobs:
       - name: Generate .env.tpl
         shell: bash
         run: |
+          mkdir -p tests
           echo "FILE_SECRET=op://${{ secrets.VAULT }}/test-secret/password" > tests/.env.tpl
           echo "FILE_SECRET_IN_SECTION=op://${{ secrets.VAULT }}/test-secret/test-section/password" >> tests/.env.tpl
           echo "FILE_MULTILINE_SECRET=op://${{ secrets.VAULT }}/multiline-secret/notesPlain" >> tests/.env.tpl
-          echo "FILE_WEBSITE=op://${{ secrets.VAULT }}/test-secret/website" >> tests/.env.tpl
+          echo "SECRET_WITH_FILE=op://${{ secrets.VAULT }}/file-secret/test.txt" >> tests/.env.tpl
-          echo "FILE_TEST_SSH_KEY=op://${{ secrets.VAULT }}/test-ssh-key/private key" >> tests/.env.tpl
+          echo "SECRET_WITH_FILE_IN_SECTION=op://${{ secrets.VAULT }}/file-secret/file section/test.txt" >> tests/.env.tpl
-          echo "FILE_TEST_SSH_KEY_OPENSSH=op://${{ secrets.VAULT }}/test-ssh-key/private key?ssh-format=openssh" >> tests/.env.tpl
+          echo "DOUBLE_SECTION_SECRET=op://${{ secrets.VAULT }}/double-section-secret/test-section/password" >> tests/.env.tpl
+
+      - name: Generate .vaultId_env.tpl
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          echo "FILE_SECRET=op://${{ secrets.VAULT_ID }}/test-secret/password" > tests/.vaultId_env.tpl
+          echo "FILE_SECRET_IN_SECTION=op://${{ secrets.VAULT_ID }}/test-secret/test-section/password" >> tests/.vaultId_env.tpl
+          echo "FILE_MULTILINE_SECRET=op://${{ secrets.VAULT_ID }}/multiline-secret/notesPlain" >> tests/.vaultId_env.tpl
+          echo "SECRET_WITH_FILE=op://${{ secrets.VAULT_ID }}/file-secret/test.txt" >> tests/.vaultId_env.tpl
+          echo "SECRET_WITH_FILE_IN_SECTION=op://${{ secrets.VAULT_ID }}/file-secret/file section/test.txt" >> tests/.vaultId_env.tpl
+          echo "DOUBLE_SECTION_SECRET=op://${{ secrets.VAULT_ID }}/double-section-secret/test-section/password" >> tests/.vaultId_env.tpl
 
       - name: Configure Service account
         uses: ./configure
@@ -79,52 +92,31 @@ jobs:
           SECRET: op://${{ secrets.VAULT }}/test-secret/password
           SECRET_IN_SECTION: op://${{ secrets.VAULT }}/test-secret/test-section/password
           MULTILINE_SECRET: op://${{ secrets.VAULT }}/multiline-secret/notesPlain
-          WEBSITE: op://${{ secrets.VAULT }}/test-secret/website
+          SECRET_WITH_FILE: op://${{ secrets.VAULT }}/file-secret/test.txt
-          TEST_SSH_KEY: op://${{ secrets.VAULT }}/test-ssh-key/private key
+          SECRET_WITH_FILE_IN_SECTION: op://${{ secrets.VAULT }}/file-secret/file section/test.txt
-          TEST_SSH_KEY_OPENSSH: "op://${{ secrets.VAULT }}/test-ssh-key/private key?ssh-format=openssh"
+          DOUBLE_SECTION_SECRET: op://${{ secrets.VAULT }}/double-section-secret/test-section/password
           OP_ENV_FILE: ./tests/.env.tpl
 
       - name: Assert test secret values [step output]
         if: ${{ !matrix.export-env }}
         shell: bash
         env:
-          ASSERT_WEBSITE: "true"
           SECRET: ${{ steps.load_secrets.outputs.SECRET }}
           SECRET_IN_SECTION: ${{ steps.load_secrets.outputs.SECRET_IN_SECTION }}
           MULTILINE_SECRET: ${{ steps.load_secrets.outputs.MULTILINE_SECRET }}
           FILE_SECRET: ${{ steps.load_secrets.outputs.FILE_SECRET }}
           FILE_SECRET_IN_SECTION: ${{ steps.load_secrets.outputs.FILE_SECRET_IN_SECTION }}
           FILE_MULTILINE_SECRET: ${{ steps.load_secrets.outputs.FILE_MULTILINE_SECRET }}
-          WEBSITE: ${{ steps.load_secrets.outputs.WEBSITE }}
+          SECRET_WITH_FILE: ${{ steps.load_secrets.outputs.SECRET_WITH_FILE }}
-          FILE_WEBSITE: ${{ steps.load_secrets.outputs.FILE_WEBSITE }}
+          SECRET_WITH_FILE_IN_SECTION: ${{ steps.load_secrets.outputs.SECRET_WITH_FILE_IN_SECTION }}
-          TEST_SSH_KEY: ${{ steps.load_secrets.outputs.TEST_SSH_KEY }}
+          DOUBLE_SECTION_SECRET: ${{ steps.load_secrets.outputs.DOUBLE_SECTION_SECRET }}
-          FILE_TEST_SSH_KEY: ${{ steps.load_secrets.outputs.FILE_TEST_SSH_KEY }}
-          TEST_SSH_KEY_OPENSSH: ${{ steps.load_secrets.outputs.TEST_SSH_KEY_OPENSSH }}
-          FILE_TEST_SSH_KEY_OPENSSH: ${{ steps.load_secrets.outputs.FILE_TEST_SSH_KEY_OPENSSH }}
         run: ./tests/assert-env-set.sh
 
-      - name: Assert SSH key env vars [step output]
-        if: ${{ !matrix.export-env }}
-        shell: bash
-        env:
-          TEST_SSH_KEY: ${{ steps.load_secrets.outputs.TEST_SSH_KEY }}
-          FILE_TEST_SSH_KEY: ${{ steps.load_secrets.outputs.FILE_TEST_SSH_KEY }}
-          TEST_SSH_KEY_OPENSSH: ${{ steps.load_secrets.outputs.TEST_SSH_KEY_OPENSSH }}
-          FILE_TEST_SSH_KEY_OPENSSH: ${{ steps.load_secrets.outputs.FILE_TEST_SSH_KEY_OPENSSH }}
-        run: ./tests/assert-ssh-keys-set.sh
-
       - name: Assert test secret values [exported env]
         if: ${{ matrix.export-env }}
         shell: bash
-        env:
-          ASSERT_WEBSITE: "true"
         run: ./tests/assert-env-set.sh
 
-      - name: Assert SSH key env vars [exported env]
-        if: ${{ matrix.export-env }}
-        shell: bash
-        run: ./tests/assert-ssh-keys-set.sh
-
       - name: Remove secrets [exported env]
         if: ${{ matrix.export-env }}
         uses: ./
@@ -136,25 +128,71 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash
         run: ./tests/assert-env-unset.sh
 
+      - name: Load secrets (invalid ref - expect failure)
+        id: load_invalid
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: ./
+        env:
+          BAD_REF: "op://x"
+        with:
+          export-env: true
+
+      - name: Assert invalid ref failed
+        shell: bash
+        run: ./tests/assert-invalid-ref-failed.sh
+        env:
+          STEP_OUTCOME: ${{ steps.load_invalid.outcome }}
+
+      - name: Load secrets by vault ID
+        id: load_secrets_by_vault_id
+        uses: ./
+        with:
+          version: ${{ matrix.version }}
+          export-env: ${{ matrix.export-env }}
+        env:
+          SECRET: op://${{ secrets.VAULT_ID }}/test-secret/password
+          SECRET_IN_SECTION: op://${{ secrets.VAULT_ID }}/test-secret/test-section/password
+          MULTILINE_SECRET: op://${{ secrets.VAULT_ID }}/multiline-secret/notesPlain
+          SECRET_WITH_FILE: op://${{ secrets.VAULT_ID }}/file-secret/test.txt
+          SECRET_WITH_FILE_IN_SECTION: op://${{ secrets.VAULT_ID }}/file-secret/file section/test.txt
+          DOUBLE_SECTION_SECRET: op://${{ secrets.VAULT_ID }}/double-section-secret/test-section/password
+          OP_ENV_FILE: ./tests/.vaultId_env.tpl
+
+      - name: Assert test secret values [vault by ID]
+        if: ${{ !matrix.export-env }}
+        shell: bash
+        env:
+          SECRET: ${{ steps.load_secrets_by_vault_id.outputs.SECRET }}
+          SECRET_IN_SECTION: ${{ steps.load_secrets_by_vault_id.outputs.SECRET_IN_SECTION }}
+          MULTILINE_SECRET: ${{ steps.load_secrets_by_vault_id.outputs.MULTILINE_SECRET }}
+          FILE_SECRET: ${{ steps.load_secrets_by_vault_id.outputs.FILE_SECRET }}
+          FILE_SECRET_IN_SECTION: ${{ steps.load_secrets_by_vault_id.outputs.FILE_SECRET_IN_SECTION }}
+          FILE_MULTILINE_SECRET: ${{ steps.load_secrets_by_vault_id.outputs.FILE_MULTILINE_SECRET }}
+          SECRET_WITH_FILE: ${{ steps.load_secrets_by_vault_id.outputs.SECRET_WITH_FILE }}
+          SECRET_WITH_FILE_IN_SECTION: ${{ steps.load_secrets_by_vault_id.outputs.SECRET_WITH_FILE_IN_SECTION }}
+          DOUBLE_SECTION_SECRET: ${{ steps.load_secrets_by_vault_id.outputs.DOUBLE_SECTION_SECRET }}
+        run: ./tests/assert-env-set.sh
+
   test-connect:
     name: Connect (ubuntu-latest, ${{ matrix.version }}, export-env=${{ matrix.export-env }})
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: true
       matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest, windows-latest]
         version: [latest, 2.30.0]
         export-env: [true, false]
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
           ref: ${{ inputs.ref }}
 
       - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
         with:
-          node-version: 24
+          node-version: 20
           cache: npm
 
       - name: Install dependencies
@@ -169,16 +207,25 @@ jobs:
           echo "FILE_SECRET=op://${{ secrets.VAULT }}/test-secret/password" > tests/.env.tpl
           echo "FILE_SECRET_IN_SECTION=op://${{ secrets.VAULT }}/test-secret/test-section/password" >> tests/.env.tpl
           echo "FILE_MULTILINE_SECRET=op://${{ secrets.VAULT }}/multiline-secret/notesPlain" >> tests/.env.tpl
-          echo "FILE_TEST_SSH_KEY=op://${{ secrets.VAULT }}/test-ssh-key/private key" >> tests/.env.tpl
+          echo "SECRET_WITH_FILE=op://${{ secrets.VAULT }}/file-secret/test.txt" >> tests/.env.tpl
-          echo "FILE_TEST_SSH_KEY_OPENSSH=op://${{ secrets.VAULT }}/test-ssh-key/private key?ssh-format=openssh" >> tests/.env.tpl
+          echo "SECRET_WITH_FILE_IN_SECTION=op://${{ secrets.VAULT }}/file-secret/file section/test.txt" >> tests/.env.tpl
+          echo "DOUBLE_SECTION_SECRET=op://${{ secrets.VAULT }}/double-section-secret/test-section/password" >> tests/.env.tpl
+
+      - name: Generate .vaultId_env.tpl
+        run: |
+          echo "FILE_SECRET=op://${{ secrets.VAULT_ID }}/test-secret/password" > tests/.vaultId_env.tpl
+          echo "FILE_SECRET_IN_SECTION=op://${{ secrets.VAULT_ID }}/test-secret/test-section/password" >> tests/.vaultId_env.tpl
+          echo "FILE_MULTILINE_SECRET=op://${{ secrets.VAULT_ID }}/multiline-secret/notesPlain" >> tests/.vaultId_env.tpl
+          echo "SECRET_WITH_FILE=op://${{ secrets.VAULT_ID }}/file-secret/test.txt" >> tests/.vaultId_env.tpl
+          echo "SECRET_WITH_FILE_IN_SECTION=op://${{ secrets.VAULT_ID }}/file-secret/file section/test.txt" >> tests/.vaultId_env.tpl
+          echo "DOUBLE_SECTION_SECRET=op://${{ secrets.VAULT_ID }}/double-section-secret/test-section/password" >> tests/.vaultId_env.tpl
 
       - name: Launch 1Password Connect instance
         env:
           OP_CONNECT_CREDENTIALS: ${{ secrets.OP_CONNECT_CREDENTIALS }}
         run: |
           echo "$OP_CONNECT_CREDENTIALS" > 1password-credentials.json
-          docker compose -f tests/fixtures/docker-compose.yml up -d
+          docker compose -f tests/fixtures/docker-compose.yml up -d && sleep 30
-          timeout 60 bash -c 'until curl -sf http://localhost:8080/health >/dev/null 2>&1; do sleep 2; done'
 
       - name: Configure 1Password Connect
         uses: ./configure
@@ -196,45 +243,29 @@ jobs:
           SECRET: op://${{ secrets.VAULT }}/test-secret/password
           SECRET_IN_SECTION: op://${{ secrets.VAULT }}/test-secret/test-section/password
           MULTILINE_SECRET: op://${{ secrets.VAULT }}/multiline-secret/notesPlain
-          TEST_SSH_KEY: op://${{ secrets.VAULT }}/test-ssh-key/private key
+          SECRET_WITH_FILE: op://${{ secrets.VAULT }}/file-secret/test.txt
-          TEST_SSH_KEY_OPENSSH: "op://${{ secrets.VAULT }}/test-ssh-key/private key?ssh-format=openssh"
+          SECRET_WITH_FILE_IN_SECTION: op://${{ secrets.VAULT }}/file-secret/file section/test.txt
+          DOUBLE_SECTION_SECRET: op://${{ secrets.VAULT }}/double-section-secret/test-section/password
           OP_ENV_FILE: ./tests/.env.tpl
 
       - name: Assert test secret values [step output]
         if: ${{ !matrix.export-env }}
         env:
-          ASSERT_WEBSITE: "false"
           SECRET: ${{ steps.load_secrets.outputs.SECRET }}
           SECRET_IN_SECTION: ${{ steps.load_secrets.outputs.SECRET_IN_SECTION }}
           MULTILINE_SECRET: ${{ steps.load_secrets.outputs.MULTILINE_SECRET }}
           FILE_SECRET: ${{ steps.load_secrets.outputs.FILE_SECRET }}
           FILE_SECRET_IN_SECTION: ${{ steps.load_secrets.outputs.FILE_SECRET_IN_SECTION }}
           FILE_MULTILINE_SECRET: ${{ steps.load_secrets.outputs.FILE_MULTILINE_SECRET }}
-          TEST_SSH_KEY: ${{ steps.load_secrets.outputs.TEST_SSH_KEY }}
+          SECRET_WITH_FILE: ${{ steps.load_secrets.outputs.SECRET_WITH_FILE }}
-          FILE_TEST_SSH_KEY: ${{ steps.load_secrets.outputs.FILE_TEST_SSH_KEY }}
+          SECRET_WITH_FILE_IN_SECTION: ${{ steps.load_secrets.outputs.SECRET_WITH_FILE_IN_SECTION }}
-          TEST_SSH_KEY_OPENSSH: ${{ steps.load_secrets.outputs.TEST_SSH_KEY_OPENSSH }}
+          DOUBLE_SECTION_SECRET: ${{ steps.load_secrets.outputs.DOUBLE_SECTION_SECRET }}
-          FILE_TEST_SSH_KEY_OPENSSH: ${{ steps.load_secrets.outputs.FILE_TEST_SSH_KEY_OPENSSH }}
         run: ./tests/assert-env-set.sh
 
-      - name: Assert SSH key env vars [step output]
-        if: ${{ !matrix.export-env }}
-        env:
-          TEST_SSH_KEY: ${{ steps.load_secrets.outputs.TEST_SSH_KEY }}
-          FILE_TEST_SSH_KEY: ${{ steps.load_secrets.outputs.FILE_TEST_SSH_KEY }}
-          TEST_SSH_KEY_OPENSSH: ${{ steps.load_secrets.outputs.TEST_SSH_KEY_OPENSSH }}
-          FILE_TEST_SSH_KEY_OPENSSH: ${{ steps.load_secrets.outputs.FILE_TEST_SSH_KEY_OPENSSH }}
-        run: ./tests/assert-ssh-keys-set.sh
-
       - name: Assert test secret values [exported env]
         if: ${{ matrix.export-env }}
-        env:
-          ASSERT_WEBSITE: "false"
         run: ./tests/assert-env-set.sh
 
-      - name: Assert SSH key env vars [exported env]
-        if: ${{ matrix.export-env }}
-        run: ./tests/assert-ssh-keys-set.sh
-
       - name: Remove secrets [exported env]
         if: ${{ matrix.export-env }}
         uses: ./
@@ -244,3 +275,48 @@ jobs:
       - name: Assert removed secrets [exported env]
         if: ${{ matrix.export-env }}
         run: ./tests/assert-env-unset.sh
+
+      - name: Load secrets (invalid ref - expect failure)
+        id: load_invalid
+        continue-on-error: true
+        uses: ./
+        env:
+          BAD_REF: "op://x"
+        with:
+          export-env: true
+
+      - name: Assert invalid ref failed
+        shell: bash
+        run: ./tests/assert-invalid-ref-failed.sh
+        env:
+          STEP_OUTCOME: ${{ steps.load_invalid.outcome }}
+
+      - name: Load secrets by vault ID
+        id: load_secrets_by_vault_id
+        uses: ./
+        with:
+          version: ${{ matrix.version }}
+          export-env: ${{ matrix.export-env }}
+        env:
+          SECRET: op://${{ secrets.VAULT_ID }}/test-secret/password
+          SECRET_IN_SECTION: op://${{ secrets.VAULT_ID }}/test-secret/test-section/password
+          MULTILINE_SECRET: op://${{ secrets.VAULT_ID }}/multiline-secret/notesPlain
+          SECRET_WITH_FILE: op://${{ secrets.VAULT_ID }}/file-secret/test.txt
+          SECRET_WITH_FILE_IN_SECTION: op://${{ secrets.VAULT_ID }}/file-secret/file section/test.txt
+          DOUBLE_SECTION_SECRET: op://${{ secrets.VAULT_ID }}/double-section-secret/test-section/password
+          OP_ENV_FILE: ./tests/.vaultId_env.tpl
+
+      - name: Assert test secret values [vault by ID]
+        if: ${{ !matrix.export-env }}
+        shell: bash
+        env:
+          SECRET: ${{ steps.load_secrets_by_vault_id.outputs.SECRET }}
+          SECRET_IN_SECTION: ${{ steps.load_secrets_by_vault_id.outputs.SECRET_IN_SECTION }}
+          MULTILINE_SECRET: ${{ steps.load_secrets_by_vault_id.outputs.MULTILINE_SECRET }}
+          FILE_SECRET: ${{ steps.load_secrets_by_vault_id.outputs.FILE_SECRET }}
+          FILE_SECRET_IN_SECTION: ${{ steps.load_secrets_by_vault_id.outputs.FILE_SECRET_IN_SECTION }}
+          FILE_MULTILINE_SECRET: ${{ steps.load_secrets_by_vault_id.outputs.FILE_MULTILINE_SECRET }}
+          SECRET_WITH_FILE: ${{ steps.load_secrets_by_vault_id.outputs.SECRET_WITH_FILE }}
+          SECRET_WITH_FILE_IN_SECTION: ${{ steps.load_secrets_by_vault_id.outputs.SECRET_WITH_FILE_IN_SECTION }}
+          DOUBLE_SECTION_SECRET: ${{ steps.load_secrets_by_vault_id.outputs.DOUBLE_SECTION_SECRET }}
+        run: ./tests/assert-env-set.sh

.github/workflows/lint-and-test.yml

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ jobs:
   lint-and-test:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
       - name: Run ShellCheck
         uses: ludeeus/action-shellcheck@2.0.0
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ jobs:
             .husky
 
       - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
         with:
-          node-version: 24
+          node-version: 20
           cache: npm
 
       - name: Install dependencies

.github/workflows/test-e2e.yml

@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ jobs:
       OP_CONNECT_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.OP_CONNECT_TOKEN }}
       OP_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.OP_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_TOKEN }}
       VAULT: ${{ secrets.VAULT }}
+      VAULT_ID: ${{ secrets.VAULT_ID }}
 
   # Post comment on fork PRs after /ok-to-test
   comment-pr:

README.md

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Load secret
         id: load_secrets
-        uses: 1password/load-secrets-action@v4
+        uses: 1password/load-secrets-action@v3
         env:
           OP_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.OP_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_TOKEN }}
           SECRET: op://app-cicd/hello-world/secret
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Load secret
-        uses: 1password/load-secrets-action@v4
+        uses: 1password/load-secrets-action@v3
         with:
           # Export loaded secrets as environment variables
           export-env: true
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ When loading SSH keys, you can specify the format using the `ssh-format` query p
 
 ```yml
 - name: Load SSH key
-  uses: 1password/load-secrets-action@v4
+  uses: 1password/load-secrets-action@v3
   env:
     OP_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.OP_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_TOKEN }}
     # Load SSH private key in OpenSSH format

config/jest.config.js

@@ -10,11 +10,6 @@ const jestConfig = {
 	rootDir: "../src/",
 	testEnvironment: "node",
 	testRegex: "(/__tests__/.*|(\\.|/)test)\\.ts",
-	moduleNameMapper: {
-		"^@actions/core$": "<rootDir>/__mocks__/actions-core.ts",
-		"^@actions/tool-cache$": "<rootDir>/__mocks__/actions-tool-cache.ts",
-		"^@actions/exec$": "<rootDir>/__mocks__/actions-exec.ts",
-	},
 	transform: {
 		".ts": [
 			"ts-jest",
@@ -30,4 +25,4 @@ const jestConfig = {
 	verbose: true,
 };
 
-module.exports = jestConfig;
+export default jestConfig;

configure/index.js

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import * as core from "@actions/core";
+const core = require("@actions/core");
 
 const configure = () => {
 	const OP_CONNECT_HOST =

docs/local-testing.md

@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ This document explains how to run e2e tests locally using `act`.
 | Secret                     | Description           |
 | -------------------------- | --------------------- |
 | `OP_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_TOKEN` | Service Account token |
-| `VAULT`                    | Vault name or UUID    |
+| `VAULT`                    | Vault name            |
+| `VAULT_ID`                 | Vault UUID            |
 
 ## Building Before Testing
 

package-lock.json

@@ -1,18 +1,20 @@
 {
 	"name": "load-secrets-action",
-	"version": "4.0.0",
+	"version": "3.1.0",
 	"lockfileVersion": 3,
 	"requires": true,
 	"packages": {
 		"": {
 			"name": "load-secrets-action",
-			"version": "4.0.0",
+			"version": "3.1.0",
 			"license": "MIT",
 			"dependencies": {
+				"@1password/connect": "^1.4.2",
 				"@1password/op-js": "^0.1.11",
-				"@actions/core": "^3.0.0",
+				"@1password/sdk": "^0.4.0",
-				"@actions/exec": "^3.0.0",
+				"@actions/core": "^1.10.1",
-				"@actions/tool-cache": "^4.0.0",
+				"@actions/exec": "^1.1.1",
+				"@actions/tool-cache": "^2.0.2",
 				"dotenv": "^17.2.2"
 			},
 			"devDependencies": {
@@ -28,6 +30,19 @@
 				"typescript": "^5.4.2"
 			}
 		},
+		"node_modules/@1password/connect": {
+			"version": "1.4.2",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@1password/connect/-/connect-1.4.2.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-CxcDQIr76nloWwGWRrmz/U7DuU65WKrN/yarq45LrC3L6b/pC7bZyskvougadG32fRwBieLJX143lTI8T1bAtQ==",
+			"license": "MIT",
+			"dependencies": {
+				"axios": "^1.10.0",
+				"debug": "^4.4.1",
+				"lodash.clonedeep": "^4.5.0",
+				"slugify": "^1.6.6",
+				"uuid": "^9.0.1"
+			}
+		},
 		"node_modules/@1password/eslint-config": {
 			"version": "4.3.1",
 			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@1password/eslint-config/-/eslint-config-4.3.1.tgz",
@@ -72,50 +87,74 @@
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-			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/flatted/-/flatted-3.4.2.tgz",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/flatted/-/flatted-3.3.2.tgz",
-			"integrity": "sha512-PjDse7RzhcPkIJwy5t7KPWQSZ9cAbzQXcafsetQoD7sOJRQlGikNbx7yZp2OotDnJyrDcbyRq3Ttb18iYOqkxA==",
+			"integrity": "sha512-AiwGJM8YcNOaobumgtng+6NHuOqC3A7MixFeDafM3X9cIUM+xUXoS5Vfgf+OihAYe20fxqNM9yPBXJzRtZ/4eA==",
 			"dev": true,
+			"license": "ISC",
 			"peer": true
 		},
+		"node_modules/follow-redirects": {
+			"version": "1.15.11",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/follow-redirects/-/follow-redirects-1.15.11.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-deG2P0JfjrTxl50XGCDyfI97ZGVCxIpfKYmfyrQ54n5FO/0gfIES8C/Psl6kWVDolizcaaxZJnTS0QSMxvnsBQ==",
+			"funding": [
+				{
+					"type": "individual",
+					"url": "https://github.com/sponsors/RubenVerborgh"
+				}
+			],
+			"license": "MIT",
+			"engines": {
+				"node": ">=4.0"
+			},
+			"peerDependenciesMeta": {
+				"debug": {
+					"optional": true
+				}
+			}
+		},
 		"node_modules/for-each": {
 			"version": "0.3.3",
 			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/for-each/-/for-each-0.3.3.tgz",
@@ -3758,6 +3917,22 @@
 				"is-callable": "^1.1.3"
 			}
 		},
+		"node_modules/form-data": {
+			"version": "4.0.5",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/form-data/-/form-data-4.0.5.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-8RipRLol37bNs2bhoV67fiTEvdTrbMUYcFTiy3+wuuOnUog2QBHCZWXDRijWQfAkhBj2Uf5UnVaiWwA5vdd82w==",
+			"license": "MIT",
+			"dependencies": {
+				"asynckit": "^0.4.0",
+				"combined-stream": "^1.0.8",
+				"es-set-tostringtag": "^2.1.0",
+				"hasown": "^2.0.2",
+				"mime-types": "^2.1.12"
+			},
+			"engines": {
+				"node": ">= 6"
+			}
+		},
 		"node_modules/fs.realpath": {
 			"version": "1.0.0",
 			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/fs.realpath/-/fs.realpath-1.0.0.tgz",
@@ -3784,7 +3959,6 @@
 			"version": "1.1.2",
 			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/function-bind/-/function-bind-1.1.2.tgz",
 			"integrity": "sha512-7XHNxH7qX9xG5mIwxkhumTox/MIRNcOgDrxWsMt2pAr23WHp6MrRlN7FBSFpCpr+oVO0F744iUgR82nJMfG2SA==",
-			"dev": true,
 			"license": "MIT",
 			"funding": {
 				"url": "https://github.com/sponsors/ljharb"
@@ -3857,7 +4031,6 @@
 			"version": "1.2.6",
 			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/get-intrinsic/-/get-intrinsic-1.2.6.tgz",
 			"integrity": "sha512-qxsEs+9A+u85HhllWJJFicJfPDhRmjzoYdl64aMWW9yRIJmSyxdn8IEkuIM530/7T+lv0TIHd8L6Q/ra0tEoeA==",
-			"dev": true,
 			"license": "MIT",
 			"dependencies": {
 				"call-bind-apply-helpers": "^1.0.1",
@@ -4014,7 +4187,6 @@
 			"version": "1.2.0",
 			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/gopd/-/gopd-1.2.0.tgz",
 			"integrity": "sha512-ZUKRh6/kUFoAiTAtTYPZJ3hw9wNxx+BIBOijnlG9PnrJsCcSjs1wyyD6vJpaYtgnzDrKYRSqf3OO6Rfa93xsRg==",
-			"dev": true,
 			"license": "MIT",
 			"engines": {
 				"node": ">= 0.4"
@@ -4100,7 +4272,6 @@
 			"version": "1.1.0",
 			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/has-symbols/-/has-symbols-1.1.0.tgz",
 			"integrity": "sha512-1cDNdwJ2Jaohmb3sg4OmKaMBwuC48sYni5HUw2DvsC8LjGTLK9h+eb1X6RyuOHe4hT0ULCW68iomhjUoKUqlPQ==",
-			"dev": true,
 			"license": "MIT",
 			"engines": {
 				"node": ">= 0.4"
@@ -4113,7 +4284,6 @@
 			"version": "1.0.2",
 			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/has-tostringtag/-/has-tostringtag-1.0.2.tgz",
 			"integrity": "sha512-NqADB8VjPFLM2V0VvHUewwwsw0ZWBaIdgo+ieHtK3hasLz4qeCRjYcqfB6AQrBggRKppKF8L52/VqdVsO47Dlw==",
-			"dev": true,
 			"license": "MIT",
 			"dependencies": {
 				"has-symbols": "^1.0.3"
@@ -4129,7 +4299,6 @@
 			"version": "2.0.2",
 			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/hasown/-/hasown-2.0.2.tgz",
 			"integrity": "sha512-0hJU9SCPvmMzIBdZFqNPXWa6dqh7WdH0cII9y+CyS8rG3nL48Bclra9HmKhVVUHyPWNH5Y7xDwAB7bfgSjkUMQ==",
-			"dev": true,
 			"license": "MIT",
 			"dependencies": {
 				"function-bind": "^1.1.2"
@@ -5860,6 +6029,12 @@
 				"node": ">=8"
 			}
 		},
+		"node_modules/lodash.clonedeep": {
+			"version": "4.5.0",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lodash.clonedeep/-/lodash.clonedeep-4.5.0.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-H5ZhCF25riFd9uB5UCkVKo61m3S/xZk1x4wA6yp/L3RFP6Z/eHH1ymQcGLo7J3GMPfm0V/7m1tryHuGVxpqEBQ==",
+			"license": "MIT"
+		},
 		"node_modules/lodash.memoize": {
 			"version": "4.1.2",
 			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lodash.memoize/-/lodash.memoize-4.1.2.tgz",
@@ -6058,7 +6233,6 @@
 			"version": "1.0.0",
 			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/math-intrinsics/-/math-intrinsics-1.0.0.tgz",
 			"integrity": "sha512-4MqMiKP90ybymYvsut0CH2g4XWbfLtmlCkXmtmdcDCxNB+mQcu1w/1+L/VD7vi/PSv7X2JYV7SCcR+jiPXnQtA==",
-			"dev": true,
 			"license": "MIT",
 			"engines": {
 				"node": ">= 0.4"
@@ -6095,6 +6269,27 @@
 				"node": ">=8.6"
 			}
 		},
+		"node_modules/mime-db": {
+			"version": "1.52.0",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/mime-db/-/mime-db-1.52.0.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-sPU4uV7dYlvtWJxwwxHD0PuihVNiE7TyAbQ5SWxDCB9mUYvOgroQOwYQQOKPJ8CIbE+1ETVlOoK1UC2nU3gYvg==",
+			"license": "MIT",
+			"engines": {
+				"node": ">= 0.6"
+			}
+		},
+		"node_modules/mime-types": {
+			"version": "2.1.35",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/mime-types/-/mime-types-2.1.35.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-ZDY+bPm5zTTF+YpCrAU9nK0UgICYPT0QtT1NZWFv4s++TNkcgVaT0g6+4R2uI4MjQjzysHB1zxuWL50hzaeXiw==",
+			"license": "MIT",
+			"dependencies": {
+				"mime-db": "1.52.0"
+			},
+			"engines": {
+				"node": ">= 0.6"
+			}
+		},
 		"node_modules/mimic-fn": {
 			"version": "2.1.0",
 			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/mimic-fn/-/mimic-fn-2.1.0.tgz",
@@ -6119,19 +6314,16 @@
 			}
 		},
 		"node_modules/minimatch": {
-			"version": "9.0.9",
+			"version": "3.1.2",
-			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/minimatch/-/minimatch-9.0.9.tgz",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/minimatch/-/minimatch-3.1.2.tgz",
-			"integrity": "sha512-OBwBN9AL4dqmETlpS2zasx+vTeWclWzkblfZk7KTA5j3jeOONz/tRCnZomUyvNg83wL5Zv9Ss6HMJXAgL8R2Yg==",
+			"integrity": "sha512-J7p63hRiAjw1NDEww1W7i37+ByIrOWO5XQQAzZ3VOcL0PNybwpfmV/N05zFAzwQ9USyEcX6t3UO+K5aqBQOIHw==",
 			"dev": true,
 			"license": "ISC",
 			"dependencies": {
-				"brace-expansion": "^2.0.2"
+				"brace-expansion": "^1.1.7"
 			},
 			"engines": {
-				"node": ">=16 || 14 >=14.17"
+				"node": "*"
-			},
-			"funding": {
-				"url": "https://github.com/sponsors/isaacs"
 			}
 		},
 		"node_modules/minimist": {
@@ -6148,7 +6340,6 @@
 			"version": "2.1.3",
 			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ms/-/ms-2.1.3.tgz",
 			"integrity": "sha512-6FlzubTLZG3J2a/NVCAleEhjzq5oxgHyaCU9yYXvcLsvoVaHJq/s5xXI6/XXP6tz7R9xAOtHnSO/tXtF3WRTlA==",
-			"dev": true,
 			"license": "MIT"
 		},
 		"node_modules/natural-compare": {
@@ -6634,6 +6825,12 @@
 			"dev": true,
 			"license": "MIT"
 		},
+		"node_modules/proxy-from-env": {
+			"version": "1.1.0",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/proxy-from-env/-/proxy-from-env-1.1.0.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-D+zkORCbA9f1tdWRK0RaCR3GPv50cMxcrz4X8k5LTSUD1Dkw47mKJEZQNunItRTkWwgtaUSo1RVFRIG9ZXiFYg==",
+			"license": "MIT"
+		},
 		"node_modules/punycode": {
 			"version": "2.3.1",
 			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/punycode/-/punycode-2.3.1.tgz",
@@ -6949,9 +7146,9 @@
 			}
 		},
 		"node_modules/semver": {
-			"version": "7.7.4",
+			"version": "7.6.3",
-			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-7.7.4.tgz",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-7.6.3.tgz",
-			"integrity": "sha512-vFKC2IEtQnVhpT78h1Yp8wzwrf8CM+MzKMHGJZfBtzhZNycRFnXsHk6E5TxIkkMsgNS7mdX3AGB7x2QM2di4lA==",
+			"integrity": "sha512-oVekP1cKtI+CTDvHWYFUcMtsK/00wmAEfyqKfNdARm8u1wNVhSgaX7A8d4UuIlUI5e84iEwOhs7ZPYRmzU9U6A==",
 			"license": "ISC",
 			"bin": {
 				"semver": "bin/semver.js"
@@ -7147,6 +7344,15 @@
 				"url": "https://github.com/chalk/ansi-styles?sponsor=1"
 			}
 		},
+		"node_modules/slugify": {
+			"version": "1.6.6",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/slugify/-/slugify-1.6.6.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-h+z7HKHYXj6wJU+AnS/+IH8Uh9fdcX1Lrhg1/VMdf9PwoBQXFcXiAdsy2tSK0P6gKwJLXp02r90ahUCqHk9rrw==",
+			"license": "MIT",
+			"engines": {
+				"node": ">=8.0.0"
+			}
+		},
 		"node_modules/source-map": {
 			"version": "0.6.1",
 			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/source-map/-/source-map-0.6.1.tgz",
@@ -7818,11 +8024,15 @@
 			}
 		},
 		"node_modules/undici": {
-			"version": "6.24.1",
+			"version": "5.29.0",
-			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/undici/-/undici-6.24.1.tgz",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/undici/-/undici-5.29.0.tgz",
-			"integrity": "sha512-sC+b0tB1whOCzbtlx20fx3WgCXwkW627p4EA9uM+/tNNPkSS+eSEld6pAs9nDv7WbY1UUljBMYPtu9BCOrCWKA==",
+			"integrity": "sha512-raqeBD6NQK4SkWhQzeYKd1KmIG6dllBOTt55Rmkt4HtI9mwdWtJljnrXjAFUBLTSN67HWrOIZ3EPF4kjUw80Bg==",
+			"license": "MIT",
+			"dependencies": {
+				"@fastify/busboy": "^2.0.0"
+			},
 			"engines": {
-				"node": ">=18.17"
+				"node": ">=14.0"
 			}
 		},
 		"node_modules/undici-types": {
@@ -7874,6 +8084,19 @@
 				"punycode": "^2.1.0"
 			}
 		},
+		"node_modules/uuid": {
+			"version": "9.0.1",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/uuid/-/uuid-9.0.1.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-b+1eJOlsR9K8HJpow9Ok3fiWOWSIcIzXodvv0rQjVoOVNpWMpxf1wZNpt4y9h10odCNrqnYp1OBzRktckBe3sA==",
+			"funding": [
+				"https://github.com/sponsors/broofa",
+				"https://github.com/sponsors/ctavan"
+			],
+			"license": "MIT",
+			"bin": {
+				"uuid": "dist/bin/uuid"
+			}
+		},
 		"node_modules/v8-to-istanbul": {
 			"version": "9.3.0",
 			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/v8-to-istanbul/-/v8-to-istanbul-9.3.0.tgz",

package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "load-secrets-action",
-	"version": "4.0.0",
+	"version": "3.1.0",
 	"description": "Load Secrets from 1Password",
 	"main": "dist/index.js",
 	"directories": {
@@ -41,14 +41,13 @@
 	"homepage": "https://github.com/1Password/load-secrets-action#readme",
 	"dependencies": {
 		"@1password/op-js": "^0.1.11",
-		"@actions/core": "^3.0.0",
+		"@1password/sdk": "^0.4.0",
-		"@actions/exec": "^3.0.0",
+		"@1password/connect": "^1.4.2",
-		"@actions/tool-cache": "^4.0.0",
+		"@actions/core": "^1.10.1",
+		"@actions/exec": "^1.1.1",
+		"@actions/tool-cache": "^2.0.2",
 		"dotenv": "^17.2.2"
 	},
-	"overrides": {
-		"minimatch": "^9.0.7"
-	},
 	"devDependencies": {
 		"@1password/eslint-config": "^4.3.1",
 		"@1password/prettier-config": "^1.2.0",

src/__mocks__/actions-core.ts

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-module.exports = {
-	getInput: jest.fn(() => ""),
-	getBooleanInput: jest.fn(() => false),
-	setOutput: jest.fn(),
-	setSecret: jest.fn(),
-	exportVariable: jest.fn(),
-	setFailed: jest.fn(),
-	info: jest.fn(),
-	warning: jest.fn(),
-	error: jest.fn(),
-	debug: jest.fn(),
-	addPath: jest.fn(),
-	isDebug: jest.fn(() => false),
-};

src/__mocks__/actions-exec.ts

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-module.exports = {
-	getExecOutput: jest.fn(() => ({
-		stdout: "MOCK_SECRET",
-	})),
-};

src/__mocks__/actions-tool-cache.ts

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-module.exports = {
-	downloadTool: jest.fn(),
-	extractTar: jest.fn(),
-	extractZip: jest.fn(),
-	cacheDir: jest.fn<Promise<string>, [string]>(async (dir) => {
-		await Promise.resolve();
-		return dir;
-	}),
-	find: jest.fn<string, [string, string?, string?]>(() => ""),
-};

src/index.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 import dotenv from "dotenv";
 import * as core from "@actions/core";
-import { validateCli } from "@1password/op-js";
-import { installCliOnGithubActionRunner } from "./op-cli-installer";
 import { loadSecrets, unsetPrevious, validateAuth } from "./utils";
 import { envFilePath } from "./constants";
 
@@ -26,9 +24,6 @@ const loadSecretsAction = async () => {
 			dotenv.config({ path: file });
 		}
 
-		// Download and install the CLI
-		await installCLI();
-
 		// Load secrets
 		await loadSecrets(shouldExportEnv);
 	} catch (error) {
@@ -39,22 +34,10 @@ const loadSecretsAction = async () => {
 		if (error instanceof Error) {
 			message = error.message;
 		} else {
-			String(error);
+			message = String(error);
 		}
 		core.setFailed(message);
 	}
 };
 
-// This function's name is an exception from the naming convention
-// since we refer to the 1Password CLI here.
-// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/naming-convention
-const installCLI = async (): Promise<void> => {
-	// validateCli checks if there's an existing 1Password CLI installed on the runner.
-	// If there's no CLI installed, then validateCli will throw an error, which we will use
-	// as an indicator that we need to execute the installation script.
-	await validateCli().catch(async () => {
-		await installCliOnGithubActionRunner();
-	});
-};
-
 void loadSecretsAction();

src/utils.test.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,17 @@
 import * as core from "@actions/core";
 import * as exec from "@actions/exec";
-import { read, setClientInfo } from "@1password/op-js";
+import { read } from "@1password/op-js";
+import { createClient, Secrets } from "@1password/sdk";
+import { OnePasswordConnect, FullItem } from "@1password/connect";
 import {
 	extractSecret,
 	loadSecrets,
 	unsetPrevious,
 	validateAuth,
+	findMatchingFieldAndFile,
+	findSectionIdsByQuery,
+	parseOpRef,
+	getEnvVarNamesWithSecretRefs,
 } from "./utils";
 import {
 	authErr,
@@ -15,7 +21,21 @@ import {
 	envServiceAccountToken,
 } from "./constants";
 
+jest.mock("@actions/core");
+jest.mock("@actions/exec", () => ({
+	getExecOutput: jest.fn(() => ({
+		stdout: "MOCK_SECRET",
+	})),
+}));
 jest.mock("@1password/op-js");
+jest.mock("@1password/sdk", () => ({
+	createClient: jest.fn(),
+	// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/naming-convention
+	Secrets: {
+		validateSecretReference: jest.fn(),
+	},
+}));
+jest.mock("@1password/connect");
 
 beforeEach(() => {
 	jest.clearAllMocks();
@@ -137,34 +157,227 @@ describe("extractSecret", () => {
 	});
 });
 
-describe("loadSecrets", () => {
+describe("loadSecrets when using Connect", () => {
-	it("sets the client info and gets the executed output", async () => {
+	beforeEach(() => {
+		process.env[envConnectHost] = "https://connect.example";
+		process.env[envConnectToken] = "test-token";
+		process.env[envServiceAccountToken] = "";
+
+		Object.keys(process.env).forEach((key) => {
+			if (
+				typeof process.env[key] === "string" &&
+				process.env[key]?.startsWith("op://")
+			) {
+				delete process.env[key];
+			}
+		});
+		process.env.MY_SECRET = "op://vault/item/field";
+
+		(OnePasswordConnect as jest.Mock).mockReturnValue({
+			getVault: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ id: "vault-id-123" }),
+			getItem: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+				fields: [
+					{ label: "field", value: "resolved-via-connect", section: undefined },
+				],
+				sections: [],
+			}),
+		});
+	});
+
+	it("resolves ref via Connect SDK and exports secret", async () => {
 		await loadSecrets(true);
 
-		expect(setClientInfo).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
-			name: "1Password GitHub Action",
-			id: "GHA",
-		});
-		expect(exec.getExecOutput).toHaveBeenCalledWith('sh -c "op env ls"');
 		expect(core.exportVariable).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-			"OP_MANAGED_VARIABLES",
+			"MY_SECRET",
-			"MOCK_SECRET",
+			"resolved-via-connect",
+		);
+		expect(core.exportVariable).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+			envManagedVariables,
+			"MY_SECRET",
 		);
 	});
 
 	it("return early if no env vars with secrets found", async () => {
-		(exec.getExecOutput as jest.Mock).mockReturnValueOnce({ stdout: "" });
+		delete process.env.MY_SECRET;
 		await loadSecrets(true);
 
-		expect(exec.getExecOutput).toHaveBeenCalledWith('sh -c "op env ls"');
 		expect(core.exportVariable).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
 	});
 
+	it("sets step output when shouldExportEnv is false", async () => {
+		await loadSecrets(false);
+
+		expect(core.setOutput).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+			"MY_SECRET",
+			"resolved-via-connect",
+		);
+		expect(core.exportVariable).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+
+	it("masks resolved secret with setSecret", async () => {
+		await loadSecrets(true);
+
+		expect(core.setSecret).toHaveBeenCalledWith("resolved-via-connect");
+	});
+
+	it("calls getVault with vault segment from ref", async () => {
+		process.env.MY_SECRET = "op://my-vault-name/my-item/field";
+		const mockGetVault = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ id: "vault-uuid" });
+		const mockGetItem = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+			fields: [{ label: "field", value: "secret-value", section: undefined }],
+			sections: [],
+		});
+		(OnePasswordConnect as jest.Mock).mockReturnValue({
+			getVault: mockGetVault,
+			getItem: mockGetItem,
+		});
+
+		await loadSecrets(false);
+
+		expect(mockGetVault).toHaveBeenCalledWith("my-vault-name");
+	});
+
+	it("throws when getVault returns vault without id", async () => {
+		const mockGetVault = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({});
+		(OnePasswordConnect as jest.Mock).mockReturnValue({
+			getVault: mockGetVault,
+			getItem: jest.fn(),
+		});
+
+		await expect(loadSecrets(true)).rejects.toThrow(
+			/Could not find valid vault "vault" for ref "op:\/\/vault\/item\/field"/,
+		);
+		expect(mockGetVault).toHaveBeenCalledWith("vault");
+	});
+
+	it("resolves vault by name and uses returned id for getItem", async () => {
+		process.env.MY_SECRET = "op://My Vault/My Item/field";
+		const mockGetVault = jest
+			.fn()
+			.mockResolvedValue({ id: "uuid-for-my-vault" });
+		const mockGetItem = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+			fields: [
+				{
+					label: "field",
+					value: "secret-from-named-vault",
+					section: undefined,
+				},
+			],
+			sections: [],
+		});
+		(OnePasswordConnect as jest.Mock).mockReturnValue({
+			getVault: mockGetVault,
+			getItem: mockGetItem,
+		});
+
+		await loadSecrets(true);
+
+		expect(mockGetVault).toHaveBeenCalledWith("My Vault");
+		expect(mockGetItem).toHaveBeenCalledWith("uuid-for-my-vault", "My Item");
+		expect(core.exportVariable).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+			"MY_SECRET",
+			"secret-from-named-vault",
+		);
+	});
+
+	it("calls getItem with vault id from getVault, not ref vault segment", async () => {
+		const mockGetVault = jest
+			.fn()
+			.mockResolvedValue({ id: "resolved-vault-id" });
+		const mockGetItem = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+			fields: [
+				{ label: "field", value: "resolved-via-connect", section: undefined },
+			],
+			sections: [],
+		});
+		(OnePasswordConnect as jest.Mock).mockReturnValue({
+			getVault: mockGetVault,
+			getItem: mockGetItem,
+		});
+
+		await loadSecrets(true);
+
+		expect(mockGetVault).toHaveBeenCalledWith("vault");
+		expect(mockGetItem).toHaveBeenCalledWith("resolved-vault-id", "item");
+	});
+
+	it("rejects when getItem fails", async () => {
+		const mockGetVault = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ id: "vault-id-123" });
+		const mockGetItem = jest
+			.fn()
+			.mockRejectedValue(new Error("Item not found"));
+		(OnePasswordConnect as jest.Mock).mockReturnValue({
+			getVault: mockGetVault,
+			getItem: mockGetItem,
+		});
+
+		await expect(loadSecrets(true)).rejects.toThrow("Item not found");
+	});
+
+	it("resolves refs in different vaults using each vault id", async () => {
+		delete process.env.MY_SECRET;
+		process.env.SECRET_A = "op://vault-a/item1/field1";
+		process.env.SECRET_B = "op://vault-b/item2/field2";
+		const mockGetVault = jest
+			.fn()
+			.mockImplementation(async (vaultName: string) =>
+				Promise.resolve({
+					id: vaultName === "vault-a" ? "id-a" : "id-b",
+				}),
+			);
+		const mockGetItem = jest
+			.fn()
+			.mockResolvedValueOnce({
+				fields: [{ label: "field1", value: "value-a", section: undefined }],
+				sections: [],
+			})
+			.mockResolvedValueOnce({
+				fields: [{ label: "field2", value: "value-b", section: undefined }],
+				sections: [],
+			});
+		(OnePasswordConnect as jest.Mock).mockReturnValue({
+			getVault: mockGetVault,
+			getItem: mockGetItem,
+		});
+
+		await loadSecrets(true);
+
+		expect(mockGetVault).toHaveBeenCalledWith("vault-a");
+		expect(mockGetVault).toHaveBeenCalledWith("vault-b");
+		expect(mockGetItem).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(1, "id-a", "item1");
+		expect(mockGetItem).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(2, "id-b", "item2");
+		expect(core.exportVariable).toHaveBeenCalledWith("SECRET_A", "value-a");
+		expect(core.exportVariable).toHaveBeenCalledWith("SECRET_B", "value-b");
+	});
+
+	it("throws on invalid ref before calling Connect", async () => {
+		delete process.env.MY_SECRET;
+		process.env.BAD_REF = "op://x";
+		const mockGetVault = jest.fn();
+		const mockGetItem = jest.fn();
+		(OnePasswordConnect as jest.Mock).mockReturnValue({
+			getVault: mockGetVault,
+			getItem: mockGetItem,
+		});
+
+		await expect(loadSecrets(true)).rejects.toThrow(/invalid|reference/i);
+		expect(mockGetVault).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+		expect(mockGetItem).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+
 	describe("core.exportVariable", () => {
 		it("is called when shouldExportEnv is true", async () => {
 			await loadSecrets(true);
 
-			expect(core.exportVariable).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+			expect(core.exportVariable).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+			expect(core.exportVariable).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+				"MY_SECRET",
+				"resolved-via-connect",
+			);
+			expect(core.exportVariable).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+				envManagedVariables,
+				"MY_SECRET",
+			);
 		});
 
 		it("is not called when shouldExportEnv is false", async () => {
@@ -175,6 +388,199 @@ describe("loadSecrets", () => {
 	});
 });
 
+describe("loadSecrets when using Service Account", () => {
+	const mockResolve = jest.fn();
+
+	beforeEach(() => {
+		process.env[envConnectHost] = "";
+		process.env[envConnectToken] = "";
+		process.env[envServiceAccountToken] = "ops_token";
+
+		Object.keys(process.env).forEach((key) => {
+			if (
+				typeof process.env[key] === "string" &&
+				process.env[key]?.startsWith("op://")
+			) {
+				delete process.env[key];
+			}
+		});
+		process.env.MY_SECRET = "op://vault/item/field";
+
+		(createClient as jest.Mock).mockResolvedValue({
+			secrets: { resolve: mockResolve },
+		});
+
+		mockResolve.mockResolvedValue("resolved-secret-value");
+	});
+
+	it("does not call op env ls when using Service Account", async () => {
+		await loadSecrets(false);
+		expect(exec.getExecOutput).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+
+	it("sets step output with resolved value when export-env is false", async () => {
+		await loadSecrets(false);
+		expect(core.setOutput).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+		expect(core.setOutput).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+			"MY_SECRET",
+			"resolved-secret-value",
+		);
+	});
+
+	it("masks secret with setSecret when export-env is false", async () => {
+		await loadSecrets(false);
+		expect(core.setSecret).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+		expect(core.setSecret).toHaveBeenCalledWith("resolved-secret-value");
+	});
+
+	it("does not call exportVariable when export-env is false", async () => {
+		await loadSecrets(false);
+		expect(core.exportVariable).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+
+	it("exports env and sets OP_MANAGED_VARIABLES when export-env is true", async () => {
+		await loadSecrets(true);
+		expect(core.exportVariable).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+			"MY_SECRET",
+			"resolved-secret-value",
+		);
+		expect(core.exportVariable).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+			envManagedVariables,
+			"MY_SECRET",
+		);
+	});
+
+	it("does not set step output when export-env is true", async () => {
+		await loadSecrets(true);
+		expect(core.setOutput).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+			"MY_SECRET",
+			expect.anything(),
+		);
+	});
+
+	it("masks secret with setSecret when export-env is true", async () => {
+		await loadSecrets(true);
+		expect(core.setSecret).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+		expect(core.setSecret).toHaveBeenCalledWith("resolved-secret-value");
+	});
+
+	it("returns early when no env vars have op:// refs", async () => {
+		Object.keys(process.env).forEach((key) => {
+			if (
+				typeof process.env[key] === "string" &&
+				process.env[key]?.startsWith("op://")
+			) {
+				delete process.env[key];
+			}
+		});
+		await loadSecrets(true);
+		expect(exec.getExecOutput).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+		expect(core.exportVariable).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+
+	it("wraps createClient errors with a descriptive message", async () => {
+		(createClient as jest.Mock).mockRejectedValue(
+			new Error("invalid token format"),
+		);
+		await expect(loadSecrets(false)).rejects.toThrow(
+			"Service account authentication failed: invalid token format",
+		);
+	});
+
+	describe("multiple refs", () => {
+		const ref1 = "op://vault/item/field";
+		const ref2 = "op://vault/other/item";
+		const ref3 = "op://vault/file/secret";
+
+		beforeEach(() => {
+			process.env.MY_SECRET = ref1;
+			process.env.ANOTHER_SECRET = ref2;
+			process.env.FILE_SECRET = ref3;
+
+			mockResolve
+				.mockResolvedValueOnce("value1")
+				.mockResolvedValueOnce("value2")
+				.mockResolvedValueOnce("value3");
+		});
+
+		it("resolves each ref and sets step output for each when export-env is false", async () => {
+			await loadSecrets(false);
+
+			expect(mockResolve).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
+			expect(mockResolve).toHaveBeenCalledWith(ref1);
+			expect(mockResolve).toHaveBeenCalledWith(ref2);
+			expect(mockResolve).toHaveBeenCalledWith(ref3);
+
+			expect(core.setOutput).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
+			expect(core.setOutput).toHaveBeenCalledWith("MY_SECRET", "value1");
+			expect(core.setOutput).toHaveBeenCalledWith("ANOTHER_SECRET", "value2");
+			expect(core.setOutput).toHaveBeenCalledWith("FILE_SECRET", "value3");
+
+			expect(core.setSecret).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
+		});
+
+		it("resolves each ref and exports each and sets OP_MANAGED_VARIABLES when export-env is true", async () => {
+			await loadSecrets(true);
+
+			expect(mockResolve).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
+
+			expect(core.exportVariable).toHaveBeenCalledWith("MY_SECRET", "value1");
+			expect(core.exportVariable).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+				"ANOTHER_SECRET",
+				"value2",
+			);
+			expect(core.exportVariable).toHaveBeenCalledWith("FILE_SECRET", "value3");
+
+			const exportVariableCalls = (core.exportVariable as jest.Mock).mock
+				.calls as [string, string][];
+			const managedVarsCall = exportVariableCalls.find(
+				([name]) => name === envManagedVariables,
+			);
+			expect(managedVarsCall).toBeDefined();
+			const managedList = (managedVarsCall as [string, string])[1].split(",");
+			expect(managedList).toContain("MY_SECRET");
+			expect(managedList).toContain("ANOTHER_SECRET");
+			expect(managedList).toContain("FILE_SECRET");
+			expect(managedList).toHaveLength(3);
+
+			expect(core.setSecret).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe("secret reference validation", () => {
+		it("fails with clear message when a secret reference is invalid", async () => {
+			process.env.MY_SECRET = "op://x";
+			(Secrets.validateSecretReference as jest.Mock).mockImplementationOnce(
+				() => {
+					throw new Error("invalid reference format");
+				},
+			);
+
+			await expect(loadSecrets(true)).rejects.toThrow(
+				"Invalid secret reference(s): MY_SECRET",
+			);
+			expect(mockResolve).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+		});
+
+		it("validates all refs before resolving any secrets", async () => {
+			process.env.MY_SECRET = "op://vault/item/field";
+			process.env.OTHER = "op://vault/other/item";
+			(Secrets.validateSecretReference as jest.Mock).mockImplementation(
+				(ref: string) => {
+					if (ref === "op://vault/other/item") {
+						throw new Error("invalid");
+					}
+				},
+			);
+
+			await expect(loadSecrets(false)).rejects.toThrow(
+				"Invalid secret reference(s): OTHER",
+			);
+			expect(mockResolve).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+		});
+	});
+});
+
 describe("unsetPrevious", () => {
 	const testManagedEnv = "TEST_SECRET";
 	const testSecretValue = "MyS3cr#T";
@@ -191,3 +597,360 @@ describe("unsetPrevious", () => {
 		expect(core.exportVariable).toHaveBeenCalledWith("TEST_SECRET", "");
 	});
 });
+
+describe("findMatchingFieldAndFile", () => {
+	interface TestField {
+		id?: string;
+		label?: string;
+		value?: string | null;
+		section?: { id: string } | null | undefined;
+	}
+	interface TestFile {
+		id?: string;
+		name?: string;
+		section?: { id: string } | null | undefined;
+	}
+
+	const item = (opts: { fields?: TestField[]; files?: TestFile[] }): FullItem =>
+		({
+			fields: opts.fields ?? [],
+			files: opts.files ?? [],
+			sections: [],
+		}) as unknown as FullItem;
+
+	const find = (
+		opts: { fields?: TestField[]; files?: TestFile[] },
+		sectionIds: string[] = [],
+	) => findMatchingFieldAndFile(item(opts), "password", sectionIds);
+
+	describe("when section filter is used (sectionIds.length > 0)", () => {
+		it.each<{
+			name: string;
+			itemOpts: { fields?: TestField[]; files?: TestFile[] };
+			expected: { fieldValue?: string; fileId?: string };
+		}>([
+			{
+				name: "returns field value when one field matches query and is in ref sections",
+				itemOpts: {
+					fields: [
+						{
+							id: "f1",
+							label: "password",
+							value: "secret123",
+							section: { id: "section-1" },
+						},
+					],
+				},
+				expected: { fieldValue: "secret123" },
+			},
+			{
+				name: "returns file id when one file matches query and is in ref sections",
+				itemOpts: {
+					files: [
+						{
+							id: "file-uuid",
+							name: "password",
+							section: { id: "section-1" },
+						},
+					],
+				},
+				expected: { fileId: "file-uuid" },
+			},
+			{
+				name: "returns empty object when no field or file matches",
+				itemOpts: {
+					fields: [
+						{ label: "other", value: "x", section: { id: "section-1" } },
+					],
+					files: [],
+				},
+				expected: {},
+			},
+			{
+				name: "returns field value when field matches by id",
+				itemOpts: {
+					fields: [
+						{
+							id: "password",
+							label: "Password Label",
+							value: "secret-by-id",
+							section: { id: "section-1" },
+						},
+					],
+				},
+				expected: { fieldValue: "secret-by-id" },
+			},
+		])("$name", ({ itemOpts, expected }) => {
+			expect(find(itemOpts, ["section-1"])).toEqual(expected);
+		});
+
+		it.each<{
+			name: string;
+			itemOpts: { fields?: TestField[]; files?: TestFile[] };
+			error: RegExp;
+		}>([
+			{
+				name: "throws when multiple fields match",
+				itemOpts: {
+					fields: [
+						{ label: "password", value: "a", section: { id: "section-1" } },
+						{ label: "password", value: "b", section: { id: "section-1" } },
+					],
+				},
+				error: /Multiple matches/,
+			},
+			{
+				name: "throws when multiple files match",
+				itemOpts: {
+					files: [
+						{ id: "id1", name: "password", section: { id: "section-1" } },
+						{ id: "id2", name: "password", section: { id: "section-1" } },
+					],
+				},
+				error: /Multiple matches/,
+			},
+			{
+				name: "throws when both a field and a file match",
+				itemOpts: {
+					fields: [
+						{ label: "password", value: "v", section: { id: "section-1" } },
+					],
+					files: [
+						{ id: "fid", name: "password", section: { id: "section-1" } },
+					],
+				},
+				error: /Both a field and a file match/,
+			},
+			{
+				name: "throws when field has no value",
+				itemOpts: {
+					fields: [
+						{ label: "password", value: null, section: { id: "section-1" } },
+					],
+				},
+				error: /has no value/,
+			},
+		])("$name", ({ itemOpts, error }) => {
+			expect(() => find(itemOpts, ["section-1"])).toThrow(error);
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe("when no section filter (sectionIds.length === 0)", () => {
+		const sectionIds: string[] = [];
+
+		it.each<{
+			name: string;
+			itemOpts: { fields?: TestField[]; files?: TestFile[] };
+			expected: { fieldValue?: string; fileId?: string };
+		}>([
+			{
+				name: "returns field value when one field has no section and matches query",
+				itemOpts: {
+					fields: [{ label: "password", value: "secret", section: undefined }],
+				},
+				expected: { fieldValue: "secret" },
+			},
+			{
+				name: "returns file id when one file has no section and matches query",
+				itemOpts: {
+					files: [{ id: "file-id", name: "password", section: undefined }],
+				},
+				expected: { fileId: "file-id" },
+			},
+			{
+				name: "returns field value from fallback (any section) when no field with no section matches",
+				itemOpts: {
+					fields: [
+						{ label: "other", value: "x", section: undefined },
+						{
+							label: "password",
+							value: "from-any-section",
+							section: { id: "sec" },
+						},
+					],
+				},
+				expected: { fieldValue: "from-any-section" },
+			},
+			{
+				name: "returns file id from fallback (any section) when no file with no section matches",
+				itemOpts: {
+					files: [
+						{ id: "other", name: "x", section: undefined },
+						{ id: "file-any", name: "password", section: { id: "sec" } },
+					],
+				},
+				expected: { fileId: "file-any" },
+			},
+			{
+				name: "returns empty object when no match",
+				itemOpts: {
+					fields: [{ label: "other", value: "x", section: undefined }],
+					files: [],
+				},
+				expected: {},
+			},
+		])("$name", ({ itemOpts, expected }) => {
+			expect(find(itemOpts, sectionIds)).toEqual(expected);
+		});
+
+		it.each<{
+			name: string;
+			itemOpts: { fields?: TestField[]; files?: TestFile[] };
+			error: RegExp;
+		}>([
+			{
+				name: "throws when multiple fields with no section match",
+				itemOpts: {
+					fields: [
+						{ label: "password", value: "a", section: undefined },
+						{ label: "password", value: "b", section: undefined },
+					],
+				},
+				error: /Multiple matches/,
+			},
+			{
+				name: "throws when multiple files with no section match",
+				itemOpts: {
+					files: [
+						{ id: "1", name: "password", section: undefined },
+						{ id: "2", name: "password", section: undefined },
+					],
+				},
+				error: /Multiple matches/,
+			},
+			{
+				name: "throws when both field and file match",
+				itemOpts: {
+					fields: [{ label: "password", value: "value", section: undefined }],
+					files: [{ id: "fid", name: "password", section: undefined }],
+				},
+				error: /Both a field and a file match/,
+			},
+		])("$name", ({ itemOpts, error }) => {
+			expect(() => find(itemOpts, sectionIds)).toThrow(error);
+		});
+	});
+});
+
+describe("findSectionIdsByQuery", () => {
+	it("throws when sections is empty", () => {
+		expect(() => findSectionIdsByQuery([], "section-1")).toThrow(
+			/Item has no sections; cannot resolve section "section-1"/,
+		);
+	});
+
+	it("throws when sections is null/undefined", () => {
+		expect(() =>
+			findSectionIdsByQuery(undefined as unknown as FullItem["sections"], "x"),
+		).toThrow(/Item has no sections; cannot resolve section "x"/);
+	});
+
+	it("throws when section query matches no section", () => {
+		const sections = [{ id: "sec-1", label: "Other" }];
+		expect(() =>
+			findSectionIdsByQuery(sections as FullItem["sections"], "nonexistent"),
+		).toThrow(/No section matching "nonexistent" found in specified item/);
+	});
+
+	it("returns section id when section matches by label", () => {
+		const sections = [{ id: "sec-1", label: "My Section" }];
+		expect(
+			findSectionIdsByQuery(sections as FullItem["sections"], "My Section"),
+		).toEqual(["sec-1"]);
+	});
+
+	it("throws when section query matches no section", () => {
+		const sections = [{ id: "sec-1", label: "Other" }];
+		expect(() =>
+			findSectionIdsByQuery(sections as FullItem["sections"], "nonexistent"),
+		).toThrow(/No section matching "nonexistent" found in specified item/);
+	});
+
+	it("returns multiple ids when multiple sections match", () => {
+		const sections = [
+			{ id: "sec-1", label: "A" },
+			{ id: "sec-2", label: "A" },
+		];
+		expect(
+			findSectionIdsByQuery(sections as FullItem["sections"], "A"),
+		).toEqual(["sec-1", "sec-2"]);
+	});
+});
+
+describe("parseOpRef", () => {
+	it("parses 3-segment ref (vault/item/field)", () => {
+		expect(parseOpRef("op://vault/item/field")).toEqual({
+			vault: "vault",
+			item: "item",
+			field: "field",
+			section: undefined,
+		});
+	});
+
+	it("parses 4-segment ref (vault/item/section/field)", () => {
+		expect(parseOpRef("op://vault/item/MySection/password")).toEqual({
+			vault: "vault",
+			item: "item",
+			section: "MySection",
+			field: "password",
+		});
+	});
+
+	it("decodes URI-encoded segments", () => {
+		expect(parseOpRef("op://my%20vault/my%20item/field")).toEqual({
+			vault: "my vault",
+			item: "my item",
+			field: "field",
+			section: undefined,
+		});
+	});
+
+	it("throws when ref does not start with op://", () => {
+		expect(() => parseOpRef("invalid-ref")).toThrow(
+			/Invalid op reference: invalid-ref/,
+		);
+	});
+
+	it("throws when segment count is invalid", () => {
+		expect(() => parseOpRef("op://vault/item")).toThrow(
+			/use op:\/\/<vault>\/<item>\/<field>/,
+		);
+		expect(() => parseOpRef("op://a/b/c/d/e")).toThrow(
+			/use op:\/\/<vault>\/<item>\/<field>/,
+		);
+	});
+
+	it("throws when vault or item or field is empty", () => {
+		expect(() => parseOpRef("op:///item/field")).toThrow(/vault is required/);
+		expect(() => parseOpRef("op://vault//field")).toThrow(/item is required/);
+		expect(() => parseOpRef("op://vault/item/")).toThrow(/field is required/);
+	});
+
+	it("throws when 4-segment ref has empty section", () => {
+		expect(() => parseOpRef("op://vault/item//field")).toThrow(
+			/section is required when using 4 path segments/,
+		);
+	});
+
+	it("throws when last segment is empty (trailing slash)", () => {
+		expect(() => parseOpRef("op://vault/item/field/")).toThrow(
+			/field is required/,
+		);
+	});
+});
+
+describe("getEnvVarNamesWithSecretRefs", () => {
+	it("returns only env var names whose value is a string starting with op://", () => {
+		process.env.OP_REF = "op://vault/item/field";
+		process.env.NOT_OP_REF = "https://example.com";
+		process.env.EMPTY_REF = "";
+		process.env.OP_REF_OTHER = "op://other/vault/item/secret";
+
+		const result = getEnvVarNamesWithSecretRefs();
+
+		expect(result).toContain("OP_REF");
+		expect(result).toContain("OP_REF_OTHER");
+		expect(result).not.toContain("NOT_OP_REF");
+		expect(result).not.toContain("EMPTY_REF");
+	});
+});

src/utils.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import * as core from "@actions/core";
-import * as exec from "@actions/exec";
+import { read } from "@1password/op-js";
-import { read, setClientInfo, semverToInt } from "@1password/op-js";
+import { createClient, Secrets } from "@1password/sdk";
+import { OnePasswordConnect, FullItem, OPConnect } from "@1password/connect";
 import { version } from "../package.json";
 import {
 	authErr,
@@ -10,6 +11,317 @@ import {
 	envManagedVariables,
 } from "./constants";
 
+// #region Op ref parsing
+interface ParsedOpRef {
+	vault: string;
+	item: string;
+	section: string | undefined;
+	field: string;
+}
+
+export const parseOpRef = (ref: string): ParsedOpRef => {
+	// Safety check: refs are validated by validateSecretRefs before this runs
+	// this guards against parseOpRef being called directly with invalid input
+	if (!ref.startsWith("op://")) {
+		throw new Error(`Invalid op reference: ${ref}`);
+	}
+
+	const segments = ref
+		.slice("op://".length)
+		.split("/")
+		.map((s) => decodeURIComponent(s));
+
+	if (segments.length < 3 || segments.length > 4) {
+		throw new Error(
+			`Invalid op reference: use op://<vault>/<item>/<field> or op://<vault>/<item>/<section>/<field>. Got: ${ref}`,
+		);
+	}
+
+	const vault = segments[0] ?? "";
+	if (!vault) {
+		throw new Error(`Invalid op reference: vault is required`);
+	}
+
+	const item = segments[1] ?? "";
+	if (!item) {
+		throw new Error(`Invalid op reference: item is required`);
+	}
+
+	// Last segment is always the field
+	const field = segments[segments.length - 1] ?? "";
+	if (!field) {
+		throw new Error(`Invalid op reference: field is required`);
+	}
+
+	// Second to last segment is the section if it exists
+	let section: string | undefined;
+	if (segments.length === 4) {
+		section = segments[2];
+		if (!section) {
+			throw new Error(
+				`Invalid op reference: section is required when using 4 path segments`,
+			);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return {
+		vault,
+		item,
+		field,
+		section,
+	};
+};
+// #endregion
+
+// #region Connect item resolution
+const getSecretFromConnectItem = async (
+	client: OPConnect,
+	item: FullItem,
+	parsed: ParsedOpRef,
+): Promise<string> => {
+	const sectionIds = parsed.section
+		? findSectionIdsByQuery(item.sections, parsed.section)
+		: [];
+	const { fieldValue, fileId } = findMatchingFieldAndFile(
+		item,
+		parsed.field,
+		sectionIds,
+	);
+
+	if (fieldValue !== undefined) {
+		return fieldValue;
+	}
+
+	if (fileId) {
+		return getFileContentWithRetry(client, parsed.vault, parsed.item, fileId);
+	}
+
+	if (parsed.section) {
+		throw new Error(
+			`could not find field or file ${parsed.field} in section ${parsed.section} on item ${parsed.item} in vault ${parsed.vault}`,
+		);
+	}
+
+	throw new Error(
+		`could not find field or file ${parsed.field} on item ${parsed.item} in vault ${parsed.vault}`,
+	);
+};
+
+const getFileContentWithRetry = async (
+	client: OPConnect,
+	vaultId: string,
+	itemId: string,
+	fileId: string,
+): Promise<string> => {
+	const maxAttempts = 3;
+	const retryDelayMs = 2000;
+	for (let attempt = 1; attempt <= maxAttempts; attempt++) {
+		try {
+			return await client.getFileContent(vaultId, itemId, fileId);
+		} catch (err) {
+			// Retry on 503 errors as this can happen on multiple secret fetches
+			const is503 =
+				err !== null &&
+				typeof err === "object" &&
+				(err as Record<string, unknown>).statusCode === 503;
+			if (is503 && attempt < maxAttempts) {
+				await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, retryDelayMs));
+				continue;
+			}
+			throw err;
+		}
+	}
+	return "";
+};
+
+export const findSectionIdsByQuery = (
+	sections: FullItem["sections"],
+	sectionQuery: string | undefined,
+): string[] => {
+	// If no sections were returned with the item throw an error
+	if (!sections || sections.length === 0) {
+		throw new Error(
+			`Item has no sections; cannot resolve section "${sectionQuery}"`,
+		);
+	}
+
+	const ids = sections
+		.filter((s) => s.id === sectionQuery || s.label === sectionQuery)
+		.flatMap((s) => (s.id ? [s.id] : []));
+
+	// If no sections were found with the given query throw an error
+	if (ids.length === 0) {
+		throw new Error(
+			`No section matching "${sectionQuery}" found in specified item`,
+		);
+	}
+
+	return ids;
+};
+
+export const findMatchingFieldAndFile = (
+	item: FullItem,
+	fieldOrFileQuery: string,
+	sectionIds: string[],
+): { fieldValue?: string; fileId?: string } => {
+	// Get the fields/files from the item and check if the ref has a section filter
+	const fields = item.fields ?? [];
+	const files = item.files ?? [];
+	const sectionFilter = sectionIds.length > 0;
+
+	const fieldMatchesQuery = (f: (typeof fields)[0]) =>
+		f.id === fieldOrFileQuery || f.label === fieldOrFileQuery;
+	const fileMatchesQuery = (f: (typeof files)[0]) =>
+		f.id === fieldOrFileQuery || f.name === fieldOrFileQuery;
+
+	let matchedField: (typeof fields)[0] | undefined;
+	let matchedFile: (typeof files)[0] | undefined;
+
+	if (sectionFilter) {
+		// If the ref has a section filter only accept matches inside the referenced sections
+		const matchingFields = fields.filter((f) => {
+			const sectionId = f.section?.id;
+			const inRefSections =
+				sectionId !== null &&
+				sectionId !== undefined &&
+				sectionIds.includes(sectionId);
+			return fieldMatchesQuery(f) && inRefSections;
+		});
+		matchedField = findSingleMatch(matchingFields);
+
+		const matchingFiles = files.filter((f) => {
+			const sectionId = f.section?.id;
+			const inRefSections =
+				sectionId !== null &&
+				sectionId !== undefined &&
+				sectionIds.includes(sectionId);
+			return fileMatchesQuery(f) && inRefSections;
+		});
+		matchedFile = findSingleMatch(matchingFiles);
+	} else {
+		// If the ref has no section filter search for matches with no section
+		const matchingFields = fields.filter((f) => {
+			const hasNoSection =
+				f.section?.id === null || f.section?.id === undefined;
+			return fieldMatchesQuery(f) && hasNoSection;
+		});
+		matchedField = findSingleMatch(matchingFields);
+
+		// If no matches were found with no section, search for matches in any section
+		if (!matchedField) {
+			const matchingFieldsInAnySection = fields.filter(fieldMatchesQuery);
+			matchedField = findSingleMatch(matchingFieldsInAnySection);
+		}
+
+		const matchingFiles = files.filter((f) => {
+			const hasNoSection =
+				f.section?.id === null || f.section?.id === undefined;
+			return fileMatchesQuery(f) && hasNoSection;
+		});
+		matchedFile = findSingleMatch(matchingFiles);
+
+		if (!matchedFile) {
+			const matchingFilesInAnySection = files.filter(fileMatchesQuery);
+			matchedFile = findSingleMatch(matchingFilesInAnySection);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (matchedField && matchedFile) {
+		throw new Error(
+			`Both a field and a file match "${fieldOrFileQuery}". Rename one or use the ID in your op:// reference.`,
+		);
+	}
+
+	if (matchedField) {
+		if (matchedField.value === undefined || matchedField.value === null) {
+			throw new Error(
+				`field ${fieldOrFileQuery} has no value in specified item`,
+			);
+		}
+		return { fieldValue: matchedField.value };
+	}
+
+	if (matchedFile?.id) {
+		return { fileId: matchedFile.id };
+	}
+
+	return {};
+};
+
+const findSingleMatch = <T>(matches: T[]): T | undefined => {
+	if (matches.length > 1) {
+		throw new Error(
+			"Multiple matches found. Rename one or use an ID in your op:// reference.",
+		);
+	}
+	return matches[0];
+};
+
+const createConnectClient = (host: string, token: string): OPConnect => {
+	try {
+		return OnePasswordConnect({
+			// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/naming-convention
+			serverURL: host,
+			token,
+		});
+	} catch (err) {
+		const message = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
+		throw new Error(`Connect authentication failed: ${message}`);
+	}
+};
+// #endregion
+
+// #region Shared helpers and auth
+export const getEnvVarNamesWithSecretRefs = (): string[] =>
+	Object.keys(process.env).filter(
+		(key) =>
+			typeof process.env[key] === "string" &&
+			process.env[key]?.startsWith("op://"),
+	);
+
+const validateSecretRefs = (envNames: string[]): void => {
+	const invalid: { name: string; message: string }[] = [];
+
+	for (const envName of envNames) {
+		const ref = process.env[envName];
+		if (!ref) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		try {
+			Secrets.validateSecretReference(ref);
+		} catch (err) {
+			const message = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
+			invalid.push({ name: envName, message });
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Throw an error if any secret references are invalid
+	if (invalid.length > 0) {
+		const details = invalid
+			.map(({ name, message }) => `${name}: ${message}`)
+			.join("; ");
+		throw new Error(`Invalid secret reference(s): ${details}`);
+	}
+};
+
+const setResolvedSecret = (
+	envName: string,
+	secretValue: string,
+	shouldExportEnv: boolean,
+): void => {
+	core.info(`Populating variable: ${envName}`);
+
+	if (shouldExportEnv) {
+		core.exportVariable(envName, secretValue);
+	} else {
+		core.setOutput(envName, secretValue);
+	}
+	if (secretValue) {
+		core.setSecret(secretValue);
+	}
+};
+
 export const validateAuth = (): void => {
 	const isConnect = process.env[envConnectHost] && process.env[envConnectToken];
 	const isServiceAccount = process.env[envServiceAccountToken];
@@ -33,8 +345,6 @@ export const extractSecret = (
 	envName: string,
 	shouldExportEnv: boolean,
 ): void => {
-	core.info(`Populating variable: ${envName}`);
-
 	const ref = process.env[envName];
 	if (!ref) {
 		return;
@@ -45,42 +355,7 @@ export const extractSecret = (
 		return;
 	}
 
-	if (shouldExportEnv) {
+	setResolvedSecret(envName, secretValue, shouldExportEnv);
-		core.exportVariable(envName, secretValue);
-	} else {
-		core.setOutput(envName, secretValue);
-	}
-	// Skip setSecret for empty strings to avoid the warning:
-	// "Can't add secret mask for empty string in ##[add-mask] command."
-	if (secretValue) {
-		core.setSecret(secretValue);
-	}
-};
-
-export const loadSecrets = async (shouldExportEnv: boolean): Promise<void> => {
-	// Pass User-Agent Information to the 1Password CLI
-	setClientInfo({
-		name: "1Password GitHub Action",
-		id: "GHA",
-		build: semverToInt(version),
-	});
-
-	// Load secrets from environment variables using 1Password CLI.
-	// Iterate over them to find 1Password references, extract the secret values,
-	// and make them available in the next steps either as step outputs or as environment variables.
-	const res = await exec.getExecOutput(`sh -c "op env ls"`);
-
-	if (res.stdout === "") {
-		return;
-	}
-
-	const envs = res.stdout.replace(/\n+$/g, "").split(/\r?\n/);
-	for (const envName of envs) {
-		extractSecret(envName, shouldExportEnv);
-	}
-	if (shouldExportEnv) {
-		core.exportVariable(envManagedVariables, envs.join());
-	}
 };
 
 export const unsetPrevious = (): void => {
@@ -93,3 +368,138 @@ export const unsetPrevious = (): void => {
 		}
 	}
 };
+
+const fetchVaultId = async (
+	client: OPConnect,
+	vaultQuery: string,
+	ref: string,
+	vaultIdCache: Map<string, string>,
+): Promise<string> => {
+	// Check if the vault ID is already cached to avoid unnecessary API calls
+	const cached = vaultIdCache.get(vaultQuery);
+	if (cached !== undefined) {
+		return cached;
+	}
+
+	const vault = await client.getVault(vaultQuery);
+	if (!vault.id) {
+		throw new Error(
+			`Could not find valid vault "${vaultQuery}" for ref "${ref}"`,
+		);
+	}
+
+	vaultIdCache.set(vaultQuery, vault.id);
+	return vault.id;
+};
+// #endregion
+
+// #region Load secrets
+// Connect loads secrets via the Connect JS SDK
+const loadSecretsViaConnect = async (
+	shouldExportEnv: boolean,
+): Promise<void> => {
+	const envs = getEnvVarNamesWithSecretRefs();
+	if (envs.length === 0) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	validateSecretRefs(envs);
+
+	const host = process.env[envConnectHost];
+	const token = process.env[envConnectToken];
+	if (!host || !token) {
+		throw new Error(authErr);
+	}
+
+	const client = createConnectClient(host, token);
+	const vaultIdCache = new Map<string, string>();
+
+	for (const envName of envs) {
+		const ref = process.env[envName];
+		if (!ref) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		try {
+			// Parse the op ref and get the item from the Connect SDK
+			const parsed = parseOpRef(ref);
+
+			const vaultId = await fetchVaultId(
+				client,
+				parsed.vault,
+				ref,
+				vaultIdCache,
+			);
+			const item = await client.getItem(vaultId, parsed.item);
+
+			// Get the secret value from the item as Connect returns a full item object
+			const secretValue = await getSecretFromConnectItem(client, item, parsed);
+			setResolvedSecret(envName, secretValue, shouldExportEnv);
+		} catch (err) {
+			const msg = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
+			throw new Error(`Failed to load ref "${ref}": ${msg}`);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (shouldExportEnv) {
+		core.exportVariable(envManagedVariables, envs.join());
+	}
+};
+
+// Service Account loads secrets via the 1Password SDK
+const loadSecretsViaServiceAccount = async (
+	shouldExportEnv: boolean,
+): Promise<void> => {
+	const envs = getEnvVarNamesWithSecretRefs();
+	if (envs.length === 0) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	validateSecretRefs(envs);
+
+	const token = process.env[envServiceAccountToken];
+	if (!token) {
+		throw new Error(authErr);
+	}
+
+	// Authenticate with the 1Password SDK
+	let client;
+	try {
+		client = await createClient({
+			auth: token,
+			integrationName: "1Password GitHub Action",
+			integrationVersion: version,
+		});
+	} catch (err) {
+		const message = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
+		throw new Error(`Service account authentication failed: ${message}`);
+	}
+
+	for (const envName of envs) {
+		const ref = process.env[envName];
+		if (!ref) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		// Resolve the secret value using the 1Password SDK
+		// and make it available either as step outputs or as environment variables
+		const secretValue = await client.secrets.resolve(ref);
+		setResolvedSecret(envName, secretValue, shouldExportEnv);
+	}
+
+	if (shouldExportEnv) {
+		core.exportVariable(envManagedVariables, envs.join());
+	}
+};
+
+export const loadSecrets = async (shouldExportEnv: boolean): Promise<void> => {
+	const isConnect = process.env[envConnectHost] && process.env[envConnectToken];
+
+	if (isConnect) {
+		await loadSecretsViaConnect(shouldExportEnv);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	await loadSecretsViaServiceAccount(shouldExportEnv);
+};
+// #endregion

tests/assert-env-set.sh

@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ assert_env_equals() {
 }
 
 readonly SECRET="RGVhciBzZWN1cml0eSByZXNlYXJjaGVyLCB0aGlzIGlzIGp1c3QgYSBkdW1teSBzZWNyZXQuIFBsZWFzZSBkb24ndCByZXBvcnQgaXQu"
+readonly FILE_SECRET_CONTENT="This is a test"
+readonly DOUBLE_SECTION_SECRET_CONTENT="test-password"
+
 MULTILINE_SECRET="$(cat << EOF
 -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
 RGVhciBzZWN1cml0eSByZXNlYXJjaGVyLApXaGls
@@ -26,7 +29,6 @@ IApTbyBwbGVhc2UgZG9uJ3QgcmVwb3J0IGl0IQo=
 EOF
 )"
 readonly MULTILINE_SECRET
-readonly WEBSITE="www.test.com"
 
 assert_env_equals "SECRET" "${SECRET}"
 assert_env_equals "FILE_SECRET" "${SECRET}"
@@ -37,8 +39,7 @@ assert_env_equals "FILE_SECRET_IN_SECTION" "${SECRET}"
 assert_env_equals "MULTILINE_SECRET" "${MULTILINE_SECRET}"
 assert_env_equals "FILE_MULTILINE_SECRET" "${MULTILINE_SECRET}"
 
-# WEBSITE/FILE_WEBSITE: required when ASSERT_WEBSITE=true (Service Account), skipped when false (Connect)
+assert_env_equals "SECRET_WITH_FILE" "${FILE_SECRET_CONTENT}"
-if [ "${ASSERT_WEBSITE:-false}" = "true" ]; then
+assert_env_equals "SECRET_WITH_FILE_IN_SECTION" "${FILE_SECRET_CONTENT}"
-  assert_env_equals "WEBSITE" "${WEBSITE}"
+
-  assert_env_equals "FILE_WEBSITE" "${WEBSITE}"
+assert_env_equals "DOUBLE_SECTION_SECRET" "${DOUBLE_SECTION_SECRET_CONTENT}"
-fi

tests/assert-env-unset.sh

@@ -18,10 +18,6 @@ assert_env_unset "FILE_SECRET_IN_SECTION"
 assert_env_unset "MULTILINE_SECRET"
 assert_env_unset "FILE_MULTILINE_SECRET"
 
-assert_env_unset "WEBSITE"
+assert_env_unset "SECRET_WITH_FILE"
-assert_env_unset "FILE_WEBSITE"
+assert_env_unset "SECRET_WITH_FILE_IN_SECTION"
-
+assert_env_unset "DOUBLE_SECTION_SECRET"
-assert_env_unset "TEST_SSH_KEY"
-assert_env_unset "FILE_TEST_SSH_KEY"
-assert_env_unset "TEST_SSH_KEY_OPENSSH"
-assert_env_unset "FILE_TEST_SSH_KEY_OPENSSH"

tests/assert-invalid-ref-failed.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -e
+if [ "$STEP_OUTCOME" != "failure" ]; then
+  echo "Expected action to fail on invalid ref, got: $STEP_OUTCOME"
+  exit 1
+fi
+echo "Action correctly failed on invalid ref"

tests/assert-ssh-keys-set.sh

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-set -e
-
-assert_ssh_key_set() {
-  local var="$1"
-  local val
-  val="$(printenv "$var" || true)"
-  if [ -z "$val" ]; then
-    echo "Expected $var to be set"
-    exit 1
-  fi
-  [ "$val" = "***" ] && return 0
-  local line
-  line="$(echo "$val" | head -1)"
-  if echo "$var" | grep -q "OPENSSH"; then
-    echo "$line" | grep -q "OPENSSH" || { echo "Expected $var to start with -----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----"; exit 1; }
-  else
-    echo "$line" | grep -q "BEGIN.*PRIVATE KEY" || { echo "Expected $var to be a private key"; exit 1; }
-  fi
-  echo "$var OK"
-}
-
-assert_ssh_key_set "TEST_SSH_KEY"
-assert_ssh_key_set "TEST_SSH_KEY_OPENSSH"
-assert_ssh_key_set "FILE_TEST_SSH_KEY"
-assert_ssh_key_set "FILE_TEST_SSH_KEY_OPENSSH"